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Background <p>This study aimed to evaluate the repair bond strength of composite resin to two 3D-printed permanent resin materials using different universal adhesive systems—light-cure, self-cure, and dual-cure—following a standardized air abrasion.</p> Methods <p>Seventy-two disc-shaped specimens (<i>n</i> = 12 per group) were fabricated using two different commercial 3D-printed materials: Saremco Crowntec and Bego VarseoSmile Crown Plus. After post-processing, all specimens were thermocycled for 5,000 cycles to simulate aging. The bonding surfaces were then subjected to air abrasion, followed by the application of one of three universal adhesive systems: light-cure (G-Premio Bond), self-cure (Tokuyama Universal Bond II), or dual-cure (Futurabond U). A composite resin (Filtek Z250) cylinder was then bonded and light-cured. Shear bond strength (SBS) was measured, and fracture modes were examined under a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD tests (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p> Results <p>Self-cure universal adhesives exhibited the highest SBS values, especially in the Bego material group (19.20 ± 2.11&#xa0;MPa), while the lowest bond strength was observed in the Saremco + light-cure group (14.28 ± 1.23&#xa0;MPa). Both the adhesive system (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and material type (<i>p</i> = 0.002) significantly affected SBS. Failure mode analysis revealed predominantly adhesive failures in the light-cure groups, and more mixed/cohesive failures in the self-cure and dual-cure groups.</p> Conclusions <p>Bond strength of repaired 3D-printed permanent resins is significantly influenced by the adhesive systems and material type. Self-cure universal adhesives provided the most effective bonding performance, particularly when combined with Bego VarseoSmile Crown Plus.</p>

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Repair bond strength of composite resin to additively manufactured permanent resin materials: a comparative evaluation of light-cure, self-cure, and dual-cure universal adhesives

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月3日

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  • Esra Yildirim-Manav,
  • Sema Yazici-Akbiyik,
  • Cansu Yikici-Çöl

摘要

Background

This study aimed to evaluate the repair bond strength of composite resin to two 3D-printed permanent resin materials using different universal adhesive systems—light-cure, self-cure, and dual-cure—following a standardized air abrasion.

Methods

Seventy-two disc-shaped specimens (n = 12 per group) were fabricated using two different commercial 3D-printed materials: Saremco Crowntec and Bego VarseoSmile Crown Plus. After post-processing, all specimens were thermocycled for 5,000 cycles to simulate aging. The bonding surfaces were then subjected to air abrasion, followed by the application of one of three universal adhesive systems: light-cure (G-Premio Bond), self-cure (Tokuyama Universal Bond II), or dual-cure (Futurabond U). A composite resin (Filtek Z250) cylinder was then bonded and light-cured. Shear bond strength (SBS) was measured, and fracture modes were examined under a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD tests (p < 0.05).

Results

Self-cure universal adhesives exhibited the highest SBS values, especially in the Bego material group (19.20 ± 2.11 MPa), while the lowest bond strength was observed in the Saremco + light-cure group (14.28 ± 1.23 MPa). Both the adhesive system (p < 0.001) and material type (p = 0.002) significantly affected SBS. Failure mode analysis revealed predominantly adhesive failures in the light-cure groups, and more mixed/cohesive failures in the self-cure and dual-cure groups.

Conclusions

Bond strength of repaired 3D-printed permanent resins is significantly influenced by the adhesive systems and material type. Self-cure universal adhesives provided the most effective bonding performance, particularly when combined with Bego VarseoSmile Crown Plus.