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Background <p>To compare the cervical adaptation of paste-like bulk-fill resin composites placed with either conventional or pre-heating insertion techniques to that of flowable bulk-fill resin composites.</p> Methods <p>Six paste-like resin composites (one conventional, five bulk-fill) and five flowable resin composites (one conventional, four bulk-fill) were placed into Class II box-only cavities. Paste-like composites were placed with either conventional insertion or after pre-heating (68&#xa0;°C). Flowable composites were placed only with the conventional insertion technique; no pre-heating was performed. After cavities were restored, specimens were subjected to thermal aging. Then, ammoniacal silver nitrate (AgNO<sub>3</sub>) tracer was used followed by micro-computerized tomography scanning. AgNO<sub>3</sub> penetration volume was calculated. Data was analyzed with 2-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test (α = 0.05).</p> Results <p>Pre-heating improved the cervical adaptation of all composites compared to conventional placement (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) except for the fiber-reinforced composite. All flowable resin composites showed higher AgNO<sub>3</sub> penetration than their paste-like pre-heated counterparts (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). AgNO<sub>3</sub> penetration volume at the cervical margin was significantly lower when paste-like bulk-fill resin composites were pre-heated to 68&#xa0;°C before they were placed into Class II box-only cavities.</p> Conclusions <p>Pre-heating significantly enhanced the cervical adaptation of paste-like bulk-fill resin composites, offering superior marginal integrity compared to both their non-heated counterparts and flowable composites.</p>

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Impact of composite consistency and pre-heating on cervical adaptation in class II restorations: a micro-CT evaluation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月9日

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  • Gülbike Demirel,
  • Özgür Irmak,
  • Arda Buyuksungur,
  • Kaan Orhan,
  • Ivo Krejci,
  • Tissiana Bortolotto

摘要

Background

To compare the cervical adaptation of paste-like bulk-fill resin composites placed with either conventional or pre-heating insertion techniques to that of flowable bulk-fill resin composites.

Methods

Six paste-like resin composites (one conventional, five bulk-fill) and five flowable resin composites (one conventional, four bulk-fill) were placed into Class II box-only cavities. Paste-like composites were placed with either conventional insertion or after pre-heating (68 °C). Flowable composites were placed only with the conventional insertion technique; no pre-heating was performed. After cavities were restored, specimens were subjected to thermal aging. Then, ammoniacal silver nitrate (AgNO3) tracer was used followed by micro-computerized tomography scanning. AgNO3 penetration volume was calculated. Data was analyzed with 2-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test (α = 0.05).

Results

Pre-heating improved the cervical adaptation of all composites compared to conventional placement (p < 0.05) except for the fiber-reinforced composite. All flowable resin composites showed higher AgNO3 penetration than their paste-like pre-heated counterparts (p < 0.05). AgNO3 penetration volume at the cervical margin was significantly lower when paste-like bulk-fill resin composites were pre-heated to 68 °C before they were placed into Class II box-only cavities.

Conclusions

Pre-heating significantly enhanced the cervical adaptation of paste-like bulk-fill resin composites, offering superior marginal integrity compared to both their non-heated counterparts and flowable composites.