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Background <p>Effective removal of pulp tissue is essential for successful root canal treatment. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is commonly used because of its tissue-dissolving and antimicrobial properties, but its instability and cytotoxicity have led to the exploration of alternatives such as calcium hypochlorite [Ca(ClO)₂]. Both irrigants may show enhanced efficacy when heated, yet comparative data under varying temperatures remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the pulp tissue dissolution capacity of NaOCl and Ca(ClO)₂ irrigants at various temperatures.</p> Methods <p>Standardized bovine pulp tissues (25&#xa0;mg) were exposed to 3 irrigants [distilled water, 5.25% NaOCl, and 5.25% Ca(ClO)₂] each tested at 24&#xa0;°C, 36&#xa0;°C, and 60&#xa0;°C. The samples were irrigated with 2.5 mL of the assigned irrigant, with a total exposure time of 15&#xa0;min including 3&#xa0;min of sonic activation (3 × 20&#xa0;s per cycle × 3 repetitions) and subsequently reweighed to calculate the percentage of tissue dissolution. Statistical analysis included the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, the Scheirer-Ray-Hare test for overall group comparison, and the Mann-Whitney U test for post hoc analysis.</p> Results <p>Tissue dissolution significantly varied depending on both irrigant type and temperature (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Both hypochlorite-based irrigants showed superior dissolution capacity compared to distilled water, with no significant difference between them (<i>p</i> = 0.178). Higher temperatures led to increased dissolution across all groups, with the greatest effect observed at 60&#xa0;°C.</p> Conclusion <p>These findings underscore the potential clinical benefits of optimizing irrigant protocols through temperature modulation. Ca(ClO)₂ may represent a viable alternative to NaOCl, particularly in scenarios where biocompatibility and chemical stability are prioritized.</p>

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Pulp tissue dissolution capacities of two hypochlorite-based irrigants at different temperatures: an in vitro study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月5日

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  • Damla Erkal,
  • Yunus Emre Çakmak,
  • Ana Maria Pistol,
  • Kürşat Er

摘要

Background

Effective removal of pulp tissue is essential for successful root canal treatment. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is commonly used because of its tissue-dissolving and antimicrobial properties, but its instability and cytotoxicity have led to the exploration of alternatives such as calcium hypochlorite [Ca(ClO)₂]. Both irrigants may show enhanced efficacy when heated, yet comparative data under varying temperatures remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the pulp tissue dissolution capacity of NaOCl and Ca(ClO)₂ irrigants at various temperatures.

Methods

Standardized bovine pulp tissues (25 mg) were exposed to 3 irrigants [distilled water, 5.25% NaOCl, and 5.25% Ca(ClO)₂] each tested at 24 °C, 36 °C, and 60 °C. The samples were irrigated with 2.5 mL of the assigned irrigant, with a total exposure time of 15 min including 3 min of sonic activation (3 × 20 s per cycle × 3 repetitions) and subsequently reweighed to calculate the percentage of tissue dissolution. Statistical analysis included the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, the Scheirer-Ray-Hare test for overall group comparison, and the Mann-Whitney U test for post hoc analysis.

Results

Tissue dissolution significantly varied depending on both irrigant type and temperature (P < 0.001). Both hypochlorite-based irrigants showed superior dissolution capacity compared to distilled water, with no significant difference between them (p = 0.178). Higher temperatures led to increased dissolution across all groups, with the greatest effect observed at 60 °C.

Conclusion

These findings underscore the potential clinical benefits of optimizing irrigant protocols through temperature modulation. Ca(ClO)₂ may represent a viable alternative to NaOCl, particularly in scenarios where biocompatibility and chemical stability are prioritized.