Background <p>The aim of this study was to assess gingival and periodontal-phenotype by using Standard-Periodontal-Probing (SPP), Colored-Periodontal-Probing (CPP), and Cone-Beam-Computed-Tomography (CBCT) in comparison to gold standard transgingival-probing.</p> Methods <p>Gingival-thickness of the maxillary anterior incisors and canines of 30 healthy individuals (6 teeth of each individual) was evaluated by transgingival-probing, SPP, CPP, and CBCT methods. The relationship between thin and thick phenotype and phenotypic parameters such as age, gender, Keratinized-Tissue-Width (KTW), and Buccal-Bone-Thickness (BBT) was tested with the Chi-square test, and the differences between the measurements were tested with the Mann-Whitney U test. Gingival-thickness, BBT, and related phenotypic parameters were measured from three buccal points (marginal-middle-apical) of each tooth, and Spearman-Rho Correlation Analysis was performed. Pearson chi-square and McNemar tests were used to assess the distribution of categorical data. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy levels and kappa statistics were calculated for each method. Intra/interobserver agreement was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient. The significance level was set at <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05.</p> Results <p>There was no statistically significant difference for gingival-phenotype according to age and gender (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). Higher KTW values were measured in areas with thick gingival-phenotype (p:0.008). The highest agreement in terms of detecting gingival-phenotype was found between transgingival-probing and CBCT (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). All methods were found to be more accurate in the determination of thin phenotype (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Marginal gingival-thickness measurements were higher than those of middle and apical measurements (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), and middle BBT measurements were higher than those of apical measurements (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Gingival-thickness measured by transgingival-probing and CBCT showed a significant correlation (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). KTW was significantly correlated with BBT and marginal gingival-thickness (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01).</p> Conclusions <p>Thin or thick phenotype is associated with different apical-coronal points and KTW. The CBCT method was found to be helpful in determining gingival and periodontal-phenotype.</p> Clinical relevance <p>Available CBCT images can be used to take precautions and assess prognosis before implant placement and orthodontic treatment.</p> Clinical trial number <p>Not applicable.</p>