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Background <p>Quantifying shared risk factors among periodontal disease (PD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes (DM2) can bolster Common Risk Factor Approach (CRFA), enabling integration of PD prevention into non-communicable disease (NCD) prevention strategies. The objective of the study is to assess extent of overlap of shared risk factors between CVD, DM2, PD.</p> Materials and methods <p>This is an analytical cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care medical and dental teaching hospital in South India, from July 2022 to April 2024. Study included 600 participants (ages 18–75) divided into three groups: Group A: DM2, CVD, or both and PD; Group B: DM2 or CVD; and Group C: PD alone. Various demographic, metabolic, habit related, dietary and periodontal disease severity related risk factors were evaluated in the study.</p> Results <p>Among 600 participants, 55.5% were male, 58.8% were under 50&#xa0;years. Statistically significant odds ratios (ORs) for shared risk factors between Group A and Group B were observed for age &gt; 50 (0.58), sedentary lifestyle (0.43), fat intake &gt; 41&#xa0;g/d (1.87), HbA1C ≥ 6.5% (0.56), FBS &gt; 126&#xa0;mg/dL (2.35) and family history of NCDs (9.8). For Group A versus Group C, statistically significant ORs were seen for age &gt; 50 (0.55), HbA1c 5.7%-6.4% (0.34), triglycerides &gt; 150&#xa0;mg/dL (0.04), education (0.52), alcohol use (1.53) and poor oral hygiene (3.01). Severity of periodontal disease assessed using PSR, HbA1c, triglycerides, fat intake, age, education, obesity were identified as vital shared risk factors.</p> Conclusion&#xa0;and relevance <p>Age, education, obesity, PSR, HbA1c, triglycerides emerged as significant shared risk factors. Integrating these factors into surveillance tools may enhance NCD and PD risk identification, supporting CRFA-based healthcare approach.</p> Trial registration <p>CTRI/ 2022/06/043279 registered on 15th of June 2022.</p>

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Risk correlates of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and periodontal diseases: a cross-sectional study in India

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月15日

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  • Lakshmi Puzhankara,
  • Chandrashekar Janakiram,
  • Georg Gutjahr,
  • Sandra Chaithanyam Bijukumar,
  • Ramprasad Vasthare,
  • Madhurya N. Kedlaya,
  • Sahana Shetty,
  • Aparna Ramakrishna Pai,
  • Sudhakar Rao,
  • Sowmya Srinivasan,
  • Angel Fenol

摘要

Background

Quantifying shared risk factors among periodontal disease (PD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes (DM2) can bolster Common Risk Factor Approach (CRFA), enabling integration of PD prevention into non-communicable disease (NCD) prevention strategies. The objective of the study is to assess extent of overlap of shared risk factors between CVD, DM2, PD.

Materials and methods

This is an analytical cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care medical and dental teaching hospital in South India, from July 2022 to April 2024. Study included 600 participants (ages 18–75) divided into three groups: Group A: DM2, CVD, or both and PD; Group B: DM2 or CVD; and Group C: PD alone. Various demographic, metabolic, habit related, dietary and periodontal disease severity related risk factors were evaluated in the study.

Results

Among 600 participants, 55.5% were male, 58.8% were under 50 years. Statistically significant odds ratios (ORs) for shared risk factors between Group A and Group B were observed for age > 50 (0.58), sedentary lifestyle (0.43), fat intake > 41 g/d (1.87), HbA1C ≥ 6.5% (0.56), FBS > 126 mg/dL (2.35) and family history of NCDs (9.8). For Group A versus Group C, statistically significant ORs were seen for age > 50 (0.55), HbA1c 5.7%-6.4% (0.34), triglycerides > 150 mg/dL (0.04), education (0.52), alcohol use (1.53) and poor oral hygiene (3.01). Severity of periodontal disease assessed using PSR, HbA1c, triglycerides, fat intake, age, education, obesity were identified as vital shared risk factors.

Conclusion and relevance

Age, education, obesity, PSR, HbA1c, triglycerides emerged as significant shared risk factors. Integrating these factors into surveillance tools may enhance NCD and PD risk identification, supporting CRFA-based healthcare approach.

Trial registration

CTRI/ 2022/06/043279 registered on 15th of June 2022.