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Introduction <p>Oral cancer is ranked among the ten most common cancers in the world and is a growing public health concern in Nigeria. However, the extent of the burden of oral cancer in Nigeria is poorly understood. A better understanding of the prevalence of oral cancer will inform the development and implementation of efficient and effective oral cancer prevention and management strategies. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of oral cancer in Nigeria to guide relevant oral health interventions and policies.</p> Methods <p>We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Web of Science for studies published from 1990 until August 15, 2023. We included cohort, cross-sectional, case-control, descriptive, and interventional studies that reported prevalence data for oral cancer in Nigeria. The primary outcome was the pooled prevalence of oral cancer. Meta-analysis was performed using the random effect model. The Higgins inconsistency index -I<sup>2</sup>&#xa0;index was used to evaluate heterogeneity. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist.</p> Results <p>In total, 3025 articles were screened, and data from 7 studies with a total sample size of 9188 (1702 oral cancer cases) were included in the meta-analysis. Participants age ranged from 0 to 100&#xa0;years. Oral cancer prevalence varied across the studies, ranging from 7.5% to 41%. The pooled prevalence of oral cancer in Nigeria was 20% (95% confidence interval, CI:0.11–0.28, I<sup>2</sup> = 99%, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001). An estimate of the total variation between studies revealed substantial heterogeneity (I<sup>2</sup> = 99%). The prevalence rate differed between gender populations, with more predilection to males (11%) than females (7%).</p> Conclusions <p>The current analysis indicates an overall pooled oral cancer prevalence of 20% in Nigeria. The high burden of oral cancer in Nigeria highlights a need for public health interventions and policies to promote the prevention and early detection of oral cancer. The analysis also shows a higher prevalence of oral cancer among men. Population-based studies are necessary to better understand individual differences in oral cancer.</p>

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Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of oral cancer in Nigeria

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月21日

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  • Ucheoma Nwaozuru,
  • Chisom Obiezu-Umeh,
  • Somtochukwu Anthonia Uzodufa,
  • Abideen Salako,
  • Folahanmi Tomiwa Akinsolu,
  • Oliver Chukwujekwu Ezechi,
  • Titilola Gbajabiamila,
  • Francisca Nwaokorie,
  • Omolola Titilayo Alade,
  • George Uchenna Eleje,
  • Joanne Lusher,
  • Morẹ́nikẹ́ Oluwátóyìn Foláyan

摘要

Introduction

Oral cancer is ranked among the ten most common cancers in the world and is a growing public health concern in Nigeria. However, the extent of the burden of oral cancer in Nigeria is poorly understood. A better understanding of the prevalence of oral cancer will inform the development and implementation of efficient and effective oral cancer prevention and management strategies. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of oral cancer in Nigeria to guide relevant oral health interventions and policies.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Web of Science for studies published from 1990 until August 15, 2023. We included cohort, cross-sectional, case-control, descriptive, and interventional studies that reported prevalence data for oral cancer in Nigeria. The primary outcome was the pooled prevalence of oral cancer. Meta-analysis was performed using the random effect model. The Higgins inconsistency index -I2 index was used to evaluate heterogeneity. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist.

Results

In total, 3025 articles were screened, and data from 7 studies with a total sample size of 9188 (1702 oral cancer cases) were included in the meta-analysis. Participants age ranged from 0 to 100 years. Oral cancer prevalence varied across the studies, ranging from 7.5% to 41%. The pooled prevalence of oral cancer in Nigeria was 20% (95% confidence interval, CI:0.11–0.28, I2 = 99%, P < 0.0001). An estimate of the total variation between studies revealed substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 99%). The prevalence rate differed between gender populations, with more predilection to males (11%) than females (7%).

Conclusions

The current analysis indicates an overall pooled oral cancer prevalence of 20% in Nigeria. The high burden of oral cancer in Nigeria highlights a need for public health interventions and policies to promote the prevention and early detection of oral cancer. The analysis also shows a higher prevalence of oral cancer among men. Population-based studies are necessary to better understand individual differences in oral cancer.