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Objective <p>To develop and internally evaluate exploratory sex-specific models for clinically documented short-term urinary retention (UR) during mandatory post-biopsy immobilization after percutaneous renal biopsy (PRB).</p> Methods <p>A total of 566 adults who underwent PRB at a tertiary hospital in Shanghai between January 2023 and November 2024 were screened. The retrospective outcome was clinically documented UR requiring catheterization and meeting a record-based volume or time criterion. Routine pre-catheterization bladder scanning was not available for all patients. Univariate analyses were descriptive; each sex-specific logistic model was restricted to four clinically selected, routinely available pre-biopsy predictors and was internally evaluated using five-fold cross-validation and bootstrap calibration.</p> Results <p>Ten patients with oliguria were excluded, leaving 556 for analysis; clinically documented UR was recorded in 78 patients (14.03%). The four-variable male model included age &gt; 60 years, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), diabetes mellitus (DM), and preoperative voiding training; BPH, DM, and absence of training were statistically significant. The four-variable female model included hypertension, history of UR, preoperative voiding training, and bowel movement within 24&#xa0;h before PRB; hypertension, absence of training, and no bowel movement were statistically significant. Cross-validated AUCs were 0.793 for males and 0.748 for females.</p> Conclusion <p>These nomograms are hypothesis-generating models of a clinically documented care-pathway outcome. Their moderate internal discrimination does not overcome the limitations of retrospective outcome ascertainment or the low event-to-predictor ratio in the male cohort. Standardized objective outcome measurement and external validation are required before clinical use.</p> Trial registration <p>Not applicable.</p>

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Exploratory development and internal validation of sex-specific nomograms for clinically documented short-term urinary retention during post-biopsy immobilization after percutaneous renal biopsy

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Xiuping Sang,
  • Jun Du,
  • Lifang Zhao,
  • Tieyun Wang,
  • Haiyan Wang

摘要

Objective

To develop and internally evaluate exploratory sex-specific models for clinically documented short-term urinary retention (UR) during mandatory post-biopsy immobilization after percutaneous renal biopsy (PRB).

Methods

A total of 566 adults who underwent PRB at a tertiary hospital in Shanghai between January 2023 and November 2024 were screened. The retrospective outcome was clinically documented UR requiring catheterization and meeting a record-based volume or time criterion. Routine pre-catheterization bladder scanning was not available for all patients. Univariate analyses were descriptive; each sex-specific logistic model was restricted to four clinically selected, routinely available pre-biopsy predictors and was internally evaluated using five-fold cross-validation and bootstrap calibration.

Results

Ten patients with oliguria were excluded, leaving 556 for analysis; clinically documented UR was recorded in 78 patients (14.03%). The four-variable male model included age > 60 years, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), diabetes mellitus (DM), and preoperative voiding training; BPH, DM, and absence of training were statistically significant. The four-variable female model included hypertension, history of UR, preoperative voiding training, and bowel movement within 24 h before PRB; hypertension, absence of training, and no bowel movement were statistically significant. Cross-validated AUCs were 0.793 for males and 0.748 for females.

Conclusion

These nomograms are hypothesis-generating models of a clinically documented care-pathway outcome. Their moderate internal discrimination does not overcome the limitations of retrospective outcome ascertainment or the low event-to-predictor ratio in the male cohort. Standardized objective outcome measurement and external validation are required before clinical use.

Trial registration

Not applicable.