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Background <p>Superficial mass resection is a core surgical skill requiring practical training. Existing simulation models, such as silicone pads or virtual reality, are often costly or inaccessible, creating a need for an affordable and feasible alternative for surgical education.</p> Methods <p>In this feasibility study, we developed a low-cost, high-fidelity simulation model using a rind-on pork belly with preserved nipples to practice this procedure and evaluated its efficacy in a skill training study involving 56 surgery residents, whose competency was assessed using a procedure-specific rating scale and the Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (DOPS) tool.</p> Results <p>The pork-based model effectively differentiated competency levels among residents with varying experience. It demonstrated superior fidelity compared to silicone models, without increased operational difficulty, proving particularly suitable for beginners.</p> Conclusions <p>This pork-based simulation model is low-cost and easy to prepare, and it represents a high-fidelity training tool, highlighting the possibility of using biological models in hands-on surgical simulation.</p>

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A highly feasible simulation model based on nipple-preserving pork portions for practicing superficial mass resection

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月18日

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  • Piaopiao Jin,
  • Xiaoyu Weng,
  • Xiaoyu Zhang,
  • Tian Fang,
  • Lei Geng,
  • Shaohua Chen,
  • Tingbo Liang,
  • Qida Hu

摘要

Background

Superficial mass resection is a core surgical skill requiring practical training. Existing simulation models, such as silicone pads or virtual reality, are often costly or inaccessible, creating a need for an affordable and feasible alternative for surgical education.

Methods

In this feasibility study, we developed a low-cost, high-fidelity simulation model using a rind-on pork belly with preserved nipples to practice this procedure and evaluated its efficacy in a skill training study involving 56 surgery residents, whose competency was assessed using a procedure-specific rating scale and the Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (DOPS) tool.

Results

The pork-based model effectively differentiated competency levels among residents with varying experience. It demonstrated superior fidelity compared to silicone models, without increased operational difficulty, proving particularly suitable for beginners.

Conclusions

This pork-based simulation model is low-cost and easy to prepare, and it represents a high-fidelity training tool, highlighting the possibility of using biological models in hands-on surgical simulation.