Objective <p>To evaluate the clinical efficacy of repairing bone defects caused by benign bone tumors using allograft bone combined with calcium phosphate bone powder.</p> Methods <p>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 55 patients (aged 10–61&#xa0;years, mean 35 ± 13.2) with benign bone tumors treated at our hospital from June 2020 to December 2022. The bone defects in these cases were created after surgical curettage of the tumor lesions, which included common benign tumors such as osteochondroma, giant cell tumor of bone, and enchondroma. Patients were divided into two groups based on bone graft materials: a simple allograft bone group (<i>n</i> = 30) and a combined group using allograft bone with calcium phosphate bone powder (<i>n</i> = 25). Preoperative data, surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, imaging findings, limb function, and quality of life (KPS scores) were analyzed.</p> Results <p>All 55 patients were followed for 12–30&#xa0;months (mean 13.45 ± 5.18). All incisions healed by primary intention without complications such as graft nonunion, fractures, or tumor recurrence. The combined group showed a significantly shorter healing time (t = 4.280, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) and higher KPS scores at 6&#xa0;months postoperatively (X² = 3.646, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) compared to the simple group. However, no significant differences were observed between groups in healing rate, residual bone defects, or limb function at 12&#xa0;months postoperatively (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05).</p> Conclusion <p>Allograft bone combined with calcium phosphate bone powder is superior to allograft bone alone for repairing bone defects following curettage of benign bone tumors, promoting faster healing and better postoperative functional recovery.</p>