Objective <p>This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between postpartum low back pain (PLBP) intensity and postural control and proprioception in postpartum women.</p> Design <p>This cross-sectional study included 51 women, with a mean of 60.67 ± 3.35 days postpartum. The researchers analyzed the association between PLBP (using a visual analog scale) and several factors, such as postural stability, average speed, path length (measured with a Biodex balance device and Zebris foot pressure), and lumbopelvic proprioception (assessed with a goniometer). Also, Pearson correlations and linear regressions were performed to evaluate the relationships between pain intensity and postural stability metrics.</p> Results <p>Linear regression analyses demonstrated that PLBP was a significant predictor of increased lumbopelvic proprioception error (β = 0.764 ; F = 68.57 ; <i>p</i> = 0.009), reduced static overall stability (β = 0.590; F = 25.62 ; <i>p</i> = 0.009), and impaired static anterior–posterior stability (β = 0.503; F = 16.63; <i>p</i> = 0.009). Besides, no significant associations were found between PLBP and static mediolateral stability or dynamic stability indices (<i>p</i> ≥ 0.05; β ≤ 0.350).</p> Conclusion <p>This study showed that PLBP is strongly associated with impairment in proprioceptive receptors and postural stability, particularly in the anterior–posterior plane. Postpartum rehabilitation should include proprioceptive training to enhance postural control and reduce lumbopelvic pain.</p> Ethical approval <p> IR.BASU.REC.1403.009</p>