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Objective <p>Pedestrian safety remains a vital public health issue, with pedestrians representing a disproportionate share of traffic-related injuries. While socioeconomic status (SES) is a recognized health determinant, its connection to pedestrian behavior has been relatively understudied. This study explores how SES and demographic factors influence pedestrian behaviors in Tabriz, a busy urban area in northwest Iran.</p> Methods <p>A cross-sectional, population-based study was carried out using data from 1,442 participants in the Persian Traffic Cohort. Participants aged 14 and above from Tabriz’s second municipal district were randomly sampled during summer 2019. The study employed the Pedestrian Behavior Questionnaire and SESIran to evaluate safety behaviors (such as traffic violations, distractions, rule-following, positive actions, and aggression) and socioeconomic status. Linear regression analyses, controlling for potential confounders, identified factors associated with pedestrian behaviors, with statistical processing done using STATA v17.</p> Results <p>Higher levels of education consistently correlated with safer pedestrian habits across all behavior categories. Younger individuals were more prone to risky behaviors like frequent traffic violations, distractions, and aggression, while older adults tended to act more safely. Female pedestrians adhered more closely to traffic rules and were less distracted than males. Walking for 60–120&#xa0;min daily was linked to increased violations and overall riskier behavior compared to walking under 30&#xa0;min. Greater SES was associated with more positive behaviors and better rule compliance. The association between SES and behaviors appeared to be largely accounted for by variables such as education level, age, and walking duration.</p> Conclusion <p>The study recommends targeted interventions for groups at higher risk, such as young people and those with lower education, through educational campaigns and infrastructural improvements. Tackling SES-related disparities could enhance pedestrian safety, decrease injuries, and foster fairer road safety practices in urban Iran.</p>

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Socioeconomic status and demographic factors influencing pedestrian safety behaviors: baseline results from the Persian traffic cohort

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Amirmohammad Azizzadeh,
  • Elham Davtalab Esmaeili,
  • Mina Golestani,
  • Leila Vahedi,
  • Homayoun Sadeghi-bazargani

摘要

Objective

Pedestrian safety remains a vital public health issue, with pedestrians representing a disproportionate share of traffic-related injuries. While socioeconomic status (SES) is a recognized health determinant, its connection to pedestrian behavior has been relatively understudied. This study explores how SES and demographic factors influence pedestrian behaviors in Tabriz, a busy urban area in northwest Iran.

Methods

A cross-sectional, population-based study was carried out using data from 1,442 participants in the Persian Traffic Cohort. Participants aged 14 and above from Tabriz’s second municipal district were randomly sampled during summer 2019. The study employed the Pedestrian Behavior Questionnaire and SESIran to evaluate safety behaviors (such as traffic violations, distractions, rule-following, positive actions, and aggression) and socioeconomic status. Linear regression analyses, controlling for potential confounders, identified factors associated with pedestrian behaviors, with statistical processing done using STATA v17.

Results

Higher levels of education consistently correlated with safer pedestrian habits across all behavior categories. Younger individuals were more prone to risky behaviors like frequent traffic violations, distractions, and aggression, while older adults tended to act more safely. Female pedestrians adhered more closely to traffic rules and were less distracted than males. Walking for 60–120 min daily was linked to increased violations and overall riskier behavior compared to walking under 30 min. Greater SES was associated with more positive behaviors and better rule compliance. The association between SES and behaviors appeared to be largely accounted for by variables such as education level, age, and walking duration.

Conclusion

The study recommends targeted interventions for groups at higher risk, such as young people and those with lower education, through educational campaigns and infrastructural improvements. Tackling SES-related disparities could enhance pedestrian safety, decrease injuries, and foster fairer road safety practices in urban Iran.