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Background <p>Maternal infections during pregnancy (also known as prenatal infections) have been linked to adverse outcomes such as low birthweight, preterm birth, stillbirth and child developmental concerns, all of which have known socioeconomic inequalities. However, there is currently a lack of research into potential links between socioeconomic factors and prevalence of prenatal infections.</p> Methods <p>We utilised linked administrative health data including all children born in a large UK urban area with high levels of inequality, i.e. the National Health Service (NHS) health board of Greater Glasgow &amp; Clyde, Scotland, 2010—2015 (<i>N</i> = 92,094). Logistic regression models were used to examine associations between socioeconomic factors (i.e. area-based Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) quintiles and household-based UK National Statistics Socioeconomic Classification (NS-SEC)), and odds of prenatal infections, measured as hospital-diagnosed prenatal infections and infection-related prescriptions, with and without controlling for covariates.</p> Results <p>Area-based deprivation was generally associated with greater odds of prenatal infections, particularly for infections diagnosed in hospital. For example, living in a ‘most deprived’ SIMD quintile area was associated increased odds of both hospital-diagnosed prenatal infections (odds ratio (OR): 1.77; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.48, 2.11) and infection-related prescriptions during pregnancy (OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.21, 1.36), when compared to living in a ‘least deprived’ SIMD quintile area, after covariate adjustment. Meanwhile, lower NS-SEC was also generally associated with increased odds of hospital-diagnosed prenatal infections, but there was not a clear pattern in associations between NS-SEC and infection-related prescriptions.</p> Conclusions <p>Area-based deprivation, and to a lesser extent, lower household NS-SEC, appear to be associated with increased odds of maternal infections (particularly hospital-diagnosed maternal infections) during pregnancy in NHS Greater Glasgow &amp; Clyde, Scotland. Socioeconomic inequalities in the prevalence of prenatal infections may therefore be a potential contributing factor to wider inequalities.</p>

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Socioeconomic inequalities in maternal infections during pregnancy: administrative health data evidence from a large UK urban area with high levels of inequality

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月26日

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  • Iain Hardie,
  • Kenneth Okelo,
  • Josiah King,
  • Aja Murray,
  • Emily Luedecke,
  • Hildigunnur Anna Hall,
  • Michael V. Lombardo,
  • Louise Marryat,
  • Bonnie Auyeung

摘要

Background

Maternal infections during pregnancy (also known as prenatal infections) have been linked to adverse outcomes such as low birthweight, preterm birth, stillbirth and child developmental concerns, all of which have known socioeconomic inequalities. However, there is currently a lack of research into potential links between socioeconomic factors and prevalence of prenatal infections.

Methods

We utilised linked administrative health data including all children born in a large UK urban area with high levels of inequality, i.e. the National Health Service (NHS) health board of Greater Glasgow & Clyde, Scotland, 2010—2015 (N = 92,094). Logistic regression models were used to examine associations between socioeconomic factors (i.e. area-based Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) quintiles and household-based UK National Statistics Socioeconomic Classification (NS-SEC)), and odds of prenatal infections, measured as hospital-diagnosed prenatal infections and infection-related prescriptions, with and without controlling for covariates.

Results

Area-based deprivation was generally associated with greater odds of prenatal infections, particularly for infections diagnosed in hospital. For example, living in a ‘most deprived’ SIMD quintile area was associated increased odds of both hospital-diagnosed prenatal infections (odds ratio (OR): 1.77; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.48, 2.11) and infection-related prescriptions during pregnancy (OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.21, 1.36), when compared to living in a ‘least deprived’ SIMD quintile area, after covariate adjustment. Meanwhile, lower NS-SEC was also generally associated with increased odds of hospital-diagnosed prenatal infections, but there was not a clear pattern in associations between NS-SEC and infection-related prescriptions.

Conclusions

Area-based deprivation, and to a lesser extent, lower household NS-SEC, appear to be associated with increased odds of maternal infections (particularly hospital-diagnosed maternal infections) during pregnancy in NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde, Scotland. Socioeconomic inequalities in the prevalence of prenatal infections may therefore be a potential contributing factor to wider inequalities.