Background <p>Mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are highly prevalent among forcibly displaced populations. Prevalence rates of common mental health conditions have been studied in refugee groups. However, research is sparse regarding the heterogeneity of psychiatric symptoms and quality of life (QoL) profiles among individuals with recent displacement experiences.</p> Methods <p>The current study employed Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) to identify profiles of psychopathology and QoL in a sample of 510 recently arrived refugees in Sweden. The associations of profile membership with socio-demographic factors were thereafter investigated.</p> Results <p>Three distinct profiles were identified: a severe psychopathology/low QoL profile (36.27%), a PTSD-dominant/preserved QoL profile (33.14%) and a mild psychopathology/high QoL profile (30.59%). Nationality and residence status were moderately associated with profile membership. Individuals with Afghan nationality were over-represented, and those with Syrian nationality under-represented, in the severe psychopathology/low QoL profile. This association is likely explained by residence status: 82% of individuals in the severe psychopathology/low QoL profile lacked a residence permit, with only 3.6% of Afghans having received a residence permit, compared to 59.1% of Syrians.</p> Conclusions <p>The results underscore the heterogeneity of psychopathological symptoms and QoL in individuals with recent displacement experiences, as well as a significant influence of contextual factors like residence status on their mental health and QoL. These findings may have implications for informing psychological treatments and migration policies.</p>