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Background <p>Social crises deeply affect mental health; however, the effects of different disaster types on emergency psychiatric admissions have not been adequately compared. The pandemic represents a chronic socially mediated stressor, whereas the earthquake constitutes an acute traumatic shock. This study compared emergency psychiatric consultations across three consecutive periods.</p> Methods <p>This was a single-center retrospective observational study. All eligible psychiatric consultations at Sütçü İmam University Faculty of Medicine Hospital during pre-pandemic (January 2019–January 2020), pandemic (February 2020–January 2021), and post-earthquake (February 2023–February 2024) periods were included using a census approach (n = 1,101). Diagnoses were classified by ICD-11. Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used.</p> Results <p>Monthly consultations declined from 46.8 to 17.0 during the pandemic and rebounded to 22.2 post-earthquake (p &lt; 0.001). The pandemic period was associated with higher mood disorder proportions despite fewer consultations. Depressive episode rates rose from 15.8% to 23.5% (p = 0.008); bipolar disorder from 7.9% to 13.1% (p = 0.028). Stress and adjustment disorders peaked at 14.6% in the first six months after the earthquake, declining to 4.1% subsequently (p = 0.001). Self-injurious behaviors showed a non-significant upward trend from 5.9% to 9.7% (p = 0.098).</p> Conclusion <p>Emergency psychiatric consultations declined during the pandemic and partially rebounded post-earthquake, with diagnostic shifts consistent with each disaster type. Findings reflect service utilization patterns rather than direct community morbidity measures and may not generalize beyond this regional population. Flexible disaster-responsive psychiatric service planning is warranted.</p>

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Changing mental health from disaster to disaster: analysis of emergency psychiatric visits during pandemic and earthquake periods

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月18日

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  • Sule Sirin Berk,
  • Oguz Akman

摘要

Background

Social crises deeply affect mental health; however, the effects of different disaster types on emergency psychiatric admissions have not been adequately compared. The pandemic represents a chronic socially mediated stressor, whereas the earthquake constitutes an acute traumatic shock. This study compared emergency psychiatric consultations across three consecutive periods.

Methods

This was a single-center retrospective observational study. All eligible psychiatric consultations at Sütçü İmam University Faculty of Medicine Hospital during pre-pandemic (January 2019–January 2020), pandemic (February 2020–January 2021), and post-earthquake (February 2023–February 2024) periods were included using a census approach (n = 1,101). Diagnoses were classified by ICD-11. Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used.

Results

Monthly consultations declined from 46.8 to 17.0 during the pandemic and rebounded to 22.2 post-earthquake (p < 0.001). The pandemic period was associated with higher mood disorder proportions despite fewer consultations. Depressive episode rates rose from 15.8% to 23.5% (p = 0.008); bipolar disorder from 7.9% to 13.1% (p = 0.028). Stress and adjustment disorders peaked at 14.6% in the first six months after the earthquake, declining to 4.1% subsequently (p = 0.001). Self-injurious behaviors showed a non-significant upward trend from 5.9% to 9.7% (p = 0.098).

Conclusion

Emergency psychiatric consultations declined during the pandemic and partially rebounded post-earthquake, with diagnostic shifts consistent with each disaster type. Findings reflect service utilization patterns rather than direct community morbidity measures and may not generalize beyond this regional population. Flexible disaster-responsive psychiatric service planning is warranted.