Background <p>Under the background of globalization and rapid urbanization, the synergy between disease prevention and control (DPC) and social-economic development (SED) obviously became a key issue affecting the effectiveness of national governance and the health and well-being of people.</p> Methods <p>In this study, the evaluation index systems were constructed to evaluate the coupling coordination relationship between DPC and SED in China from 2013 to 2022 using the entropy weight method (EWM) and coupling coordination degree (CCD) model.</p> Results <p>It was found that the number of beds in the preventive healthcare department (0.0642) and the added value of the secondary industry (0.0813) were the most important indicator weights in the DPC and SED systems, respectively. The CCD between the DPC and SED systems in China exhibited an upward trend, increasing from 0.3375–0.4095 in 2013 to 0.8175–0.9094 in 2022. The significant spatial heterogeneity of the CCD between the DPC and SED systems in the various regions was found with south &gt; east &gt; northwest &gt; southwest &gt; north &gt; northeast. The regional aggregation of CCD between the levels of DPC and SED in China was obvious. The High-High cluster was mainly concentrated in the northeast and southwest regions. While, the High-Low and Low–High outliers were distributed in the east and north regions, respectively. The ARIMA model was used to predict the CCD of the DPC and SED systems in the various provinces of China.</p> Conclusions <p>This study could provide theoretical and technical information to promote the sustainable and coordinated development of DPC and SED.</p>