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Background <p>Legalization of adult-use cannabis continues to expand across the United States. However, little is known about recommendations for monitoring its public health impacts. This scoping review will identify the scope and size of the literature on cannabis outcome monitoring and provide valuable insights to enhance evidence-based decision-making, data monitoring, prevention planning, and policy development.</p> Methods <p>PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, PsycInfo, Web of Science, Dissertations &amp; Theses Global, and the Trip Database were searched from date of inception to 08/11/2025 and the RAND, Brookings Institute, and Pew Research Center websites were searched on 08/11/2025 to retrieve records using identified search terms. Reports from the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists website were also identified. Reviewers screened abstracts and titles for outcome monitoring recommendations related to adult-use cannabis to identify the initial set of articles to be considered; full articles were then screened for final inclusion. All screening used established inclusion/exclusion criteria. Included articles were coded into key areas of monitoring recommendations using a standardized form.</p> Results <p>A total of 4,284 records were extracted for screening after the removal of duplicates and 363 additional records were identified by searching other identified sources (e.g., RAND website). After initial screening of titles and abstracts using the inclusion/exclusion criteria and full screening of retrieved papers, 110 papers were included in the review. Extraction and analysis of the data from these papers resulted in seven key areas for cannabis outcome monitoring: Cannabis use and attitudes towards and perceptions of use; Public safety and criminal legal system; Market practice and regulation; Health-related indicators; Hospitalization, emergency department visits, treatment admissions, and other health services data; Social equity; and Other methods to monitor adult-use cannabis outcome. Methodological recommendations, key lessons, and any other recommendations were also identified.</p> Conclusions <p>Monitoring cannabis outcomes amid a rapidly changing legal landscape is complex due to the limitations of the current data systems, datasets, and methods. Future work is needed to identify best practices in monitoring outcomes to influence prevention, treatment, and policy.</p>

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Adult-use cannabis legalization in the united states: a scoping review of outcome monitoring recommendations

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月3日

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  • Yang Liu,
  • Adekemi O. Suleiman,
  • Marissa G. Iverson,
  • Alison Wiser,
  • Shayna D. Cunningham,
  • Megan A. O’Grady

摘要

Background

Legalization of adult-use cannabis continues to expand across the United States. However, little is known about recommendations for monitoring its public health impacts. This scoping review will identify the scope and size of the literature on cannabis outcome monitoring and provide valuable insights to enhance evidence-based decision-making, data monitoring, prevention planning, and policy development.

Methods

PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, PsycInfo, Web of Science, Dissertations & Theses Global, and the Trip Database were searched from date of inception to 08/11/2025 and the RAND, Brookings Institute, and Pew Research Center websites were searched on 08/11/2025 to retrieve records using identified search terms. Reports from the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists website were also identified. Reviewers screened abstracts and titles for outcome monitoring recommendations related to adult-use cannabis to identify the initial set of articles to be considered; full articles were then screened for final inclusion. All screening used established inclusion/exclusion criteria. Included articles were coded into key areas of monitoring recommendations using a standardized form.

Results

A total of 4,284 records were extracted for screening after the removal of duplicates and 363 additional records were identified by searching other identified sources (e.g., RAND website). After initial screening of titles and abstracts using the inclusion/exclusion criteria and full screening of retrieved papers, 110 papers were included in the review. Extraction and analysis of the data from these papers resulted in seven key areas for cannabis outcome monitoring: Cannabis use and attitudes towards and perceptions of use; Public safety and criminal legal system; Market practice and regulation; Health-related indicators; Hospitalization, emergency department visits, treatment admissions, and other health services data; Social equity; and Other methods to monitor adult-use cannabis outcome. Methodological recommendations, key lessons, and any other recommendations were also identified.

Conclusions

Monitoring cannabis outcomes amid a rapidly changing legal landscape is complex due to the limitations of the current data systems, datasets, and methods. Future work is needed to identify best practices in monitoring outcomes to influence prevention, treatment, and policy.