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Introduction <p>Hypertension (HTN) is a major global health burden. While dietary protein is a known modifiable risk factor, the role of specific amino acids remains controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the association between dietary amino acid intake and the risk of hypertension.</p> Methods <p>Three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) were systematically searched from inception until September 30, 2025 for observational studies examining dietary amino acid intake and hypertension. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed. Where applicable, meta-analyses were conducted using a fixed-effect model to pool effect estimates.</p> Results <p>The sixteen included studies, with a total of 57,913 participants, comprised eight prospective cohorts, five cross-sectional studies, and three that utilized other designs. The meta-analysis of adjusted odds ratios (ORs) showed that higher intake of branched-chain, aromatic, and alcoholic amino acids was associated with a significantly increased risk of hypertension, with pooled ORs of 1.37 (95% CI: 1.14–1.66), 1.50 (95% CI: 1.22–1.85), and 1.66 (95% CI: 1.31–2.11) for the second, third, and fourth quartiles, respectively. Prospectively, higher intake of branched-chain amino acids significantly increased the hazard of hypertension. Conversely, glycine intake was consistently associated with a protective effect (pooled OR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.64–0.89).</p> Conclusion <p>Specific dietary amino acids have distinct associations with HTN risk. Branched-chain and aromatic amino acids are associated with increased risk, while glycine demonstrates a protective effect. These findings highlight the potential for specific dietary recommendations but are limited by methodological heterogeneity across studies. Future research with standardized methodologies is needed to confirm these associations and inform clinical and public health guidance.</p>

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Dietary amino acid intake and the risk of hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • Neda Izadi,
  • Reihane Hadi,
  • Arman Shafiee,
  • Hanieh Fathi,
  • Mahdieh Niknam,
  • Parisa Amiri

摘要

Introduction

Hypertension (HTN) is a major global health burden. While dietary protein is a known modifiable risk factor, the role of specific amino acids remains controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the association between dietary amino acid intake and the risk of hypertension.

Methods

Three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) were systematically searched from inception until September 30, 2025 for observational studies examining dietary amino acid intake and hypertension. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed. Where applicable, meta-analyses were conducted using a fixed-effect model to pool effect estimates.

Results

The sixteen included studies, with a total of 57,913 participants, comprised eight prospective cohorts, five cross-sectional studies, and three that utilized other designs. The meta-analysis of adjusted odds ratios (ORs) showed that higher intake of branched-chain, aromatic, and alcoholic amino acids was associated with a significantly increased risk of hypertension, with pooled ORs of 1.37 (95% CI: 1.14–1.66), 1.50 (95% CI: 1.22–1.85), and 1.66 (95% CI: 1.31–2.11) for the second, third, and fourth quartiles, respectively. Prospectively, higher intake of branched-chain amino acids significantly increased the hazard of hypertension. Conversely, glycine intake was consistently associated with a protective effect (pooled OR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.64–0.89).

Conclusion

Specific dietary amino acids have distinct associations with HTN risk. Branched-chain and aromatic amino acids are associated with increased risk, while glycine demonstrates a protective effect. These findings highlight the potential for specific dietary recommendations but are limited by methodological heterogeneity across studies. Future research with standardized methodologies is needed to confirm these associations and inform clinical and public health guidance.