Background <p>Food insecurity, as a reflection of both material deprivation and the broader social and psychological challenges related to accessing food, has emerged as a core indicator of sustainable development. This cross-sectional study examines the link between food security status and multidimensional well-being in Türkiye, a country facing high inflation and income inequality.</p> Method <p>An online survey was conducted in December 2024, involving 526 participants. Food security was assessed by the Food Insecurity Experience Scale, and the Flourish Index was used to assess multidimensional well-being across five domains. Perceptions of inflation and income inequality were assessed using single-item questions, alongside sociodemographic information.</p> Results <p>Food insecurity was significantly associated with the perceived inflation impact (<i>d</i> = − 0.37, <i>p</i> = .009) and income inequality (<i>d</i> = − 0.23, <i>p</i> &lt; .001). The moderately or severely food insecure group reported a lower Flourish Index (<i>d</i> = 0.56, <i>p</i> &lt; .001), particularly in life satisfaction (<i>d</i> = 0.53, <i>p</i> &lt; .001) compared to food secure or mildly food insecure group. Hierarchical linear regression analysis identified monthly income status and influence of religious belief as significant positive predictors of the Flourish Index (<i>p</i> &lt; .001), while food insecurity showed a significant negative association even after adjusting for these factors (<i>β</i> = − 0.16, <i>p</i> &lt; .001). Cluster analysis revealed four distinct profiles based on food security, income status, and religious influence. Significant differences were observed in the Flourish Index and all its domains across the clusters (<i>p</i> &lt; .001). The largest effect sizes were found in life satisfaction (<i>η²</i> = 0.17), happiness (<i>η²</i> = 0.137), and the overall Flourish Index score (<i>η²</i> = 0.127) indicating variation in well-being. Participants in the “Financially Fragile &amp; Low Religious” group reported the lowest scores across most domains, whereas those in the “Financially Secure &amp; Highly Religious” group exhibited the highest levels of flourishing.</p> Conclusion <p>Food insecurity was associated with reduced flourishing across multiple domains under economic uncertainty, and well-being outcomes differed across groups defined by financial conditions and religious engagement. This suggests that policy and intervention strategies targeting food insecurity should adopt a multidimensional perspective on well-being.</p>