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Background <p>Particulate matter (PM)-attributable lower respiratory infections (LRIs) critically impact child and adolescent health worldwide. This study evaluates the global PM-linked LRI burden (1990–2021) and projects trends to 2050.</p> Methods <p>Using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study, We assessed the number of deaths, DALYs, YLLs, and YLDs among children and adolescents aged 0–19 years globally. We calculated age-standardized rates (ASRs) to compare regional trends. Historical patterns (1990–2021) were analyzed using linear regression, while future outcomes (2022–2050) were projected using ARIMA and Exponential Smoothing models.</p> Results <p>From 1990 to 2021, Kuwait saw the sharpest mortality increase (207.14%), while South Korea reduced ASRs by 42.67%. Afghanistan reported rising YLL/YLD ASRs, contrasting with declines in Maldives and Albania. Projections indicate sustained reductions in deaths, DALYs, YLLs, and YLDs by 2050, with male-female burden disparities narrowing. YLL declines surpass YLDs, highlighting persistent non-fatal impacts despite reduced premature mortality.</p> Conclusion <p>PM pollution disproportionately threatens children in low- and middle-income countries. Although high-income regions show progress, inequities demand tailored strategies. Critical interventions—enhanced air quality regulations, clean energy transitions, and equitable healthcare—are imperative to alleviate PM-related LRIs. Prioritizing these measures is vital to address health disparities and protect vulnerable populations globally.</p>

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Effect of particulate matter pollution on the global burden of lower respiratory infections in children and adolescents, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis from the global burden of disease study 2021

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月28日

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  • Ye Chen,
  • Mingwu Chen

摘要

Background

Particulate matter (PM)-attributable lower respiratory infections (LRIs) critically impact child and adolescent health worldwide. This study evaluates the global PM-linked LRI burden (1990–2021) and projects trends to 2050.

Methods

Using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study, We assessed the number of deaths, DALYs, YLLs, and YLDs among children and adolescents aged 0–19 years globally. We calculated age-standardized rates (ASRs) to compare regional trends. Historical patterns (1990–2021) were analyzed using linear regression, while future outcomes (2022–2050) were projected using ARIMA and Exponential Smoothing models.

Results

From 1990 to 2021, Kuwait saw the sharpest mortality increase (207.14%), while South Korea reduced ASRs by 42.67%. Afghanistan reported rising YLL/YLD ASRs, contrasting with declines in Maldives and Albania. Projections indicate sustained reductions in deaths, DALYs, YLLs, and YLDs by 2050, with male-female burden disparities narrowing. YLL declines surpass YLDs, highlighting persistent non-fatal impacts despite reduced premature mortality.

Conclusion

PM pollution disproportionately threatens children in low- and middle-income countries. Although high-income regions show progress, inequities demand tailored strategies. Critical interventions—enhanced air quality regulations, clean energy transitions, and equitable healthcare—are imperative to alleviate PM-related LRIs. Prioritizing these measures is vital to address health disparities and protect vulnerable populations globally.