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Background <p>China’s 2021 three-child policy aims to counter population aging and low fertility rates. Chongqing, being the largest economy and the most densely populated city in Southwest China, lacks a survey on the willingness among childbearing-age women to have a third child. This study is dedicated to understanding the willingness of childbearing-age women in Chongqing to have a third child under the new fertility policy and analyzing its determinants to provide a theoretical reference for the change in fertility situation and policy implementation in Chongqing.</p> Methods <p>Convenience sampling selected 652 childbearing-age women recruited in the Women and Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May to August 2024. Based on descriptive analysis and single-factor analyses, a multinomial logistic regression model was used to analyze the determinants of willingness to have a third child.</p> Results <p>The willingness to have a third child among childbearing-age women in Chongqing was only 3.2%. The ideal number of children, the number of existing children, and household registration were the main factors influencing the willingness to have a third child among childbearing-age women in Chongqing City. Economic factors and child-rearing costs were especially critical.</p> Conclusion <p>The willingness to have a third child among childbearing-age women in Chongqing City is low overall, and the effect of the three-child policy is limited. It needs to be continuously improved at the government, societal, family, and individual levels to enhance the willingness to have a third child among childbearing-age women in Chongqing.</p>

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Willingness to have a third child and its determinants among childbearing-age women in Chongqing under China’s three-child policy

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月27日

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  • Yumei Wen,
  • Nianrong Wang,
  • Liang Shen,
  • Chunyan He,
  • Rong Li,
  • Zhifang Dong,
  • Xiao Xiao,
  • Li Wang

摘要

Background

China’s 2021 three-child policy aims to counter population aging and low fertility rates. Chongqing, being the largest economy and the most densely populated city in Southwest China, lacks a survey on the willingness among childbearing-age women to have a third child. This study is dedicated to understanding the willingness of childbearing-age women in Chongqing to have a third child under the new fertility policy and analyzing its determinants to provide a theoretical reference for the change in fertility situation and policy implementation in Chongqing.

Methods

Convenience sampling selected 652 childbearing-age women recruited in the Women and Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May to August 2024. Based on descriptive analysis and single-factor analyses, a multinomial logistic regression model was used to analyze the determinants of willingness to have a third child.

Results

The willingness to have a third child among childbearing-age women in Chongqing was only 3.2%. The ideal number of children, the number of existing children, and household registration were the main factors influencing the willingness to have a third child among childbearing-age women in Chongqing City. Economic factors and child-rearing costs were especially critical.

Conclusion

The willingness to have a third child among childbearing-age women in Chongqing City is low overall, and the effect of the three-child policy is limited. It needs to be continuously improved at the government, societal, family, and individual levels to enhance the willingness to have a third child among childbearing-age women in Chongqing.