Objective <p>The purpose of this study was to translate the Patient Participation Scale into Chinese and to validate its psychometric characteristics to provide a basis for assessing the level of patient participation in the treatment and care process.</p> Methods <p>This cross-sectional study involved 477 internal medicine patients from Shanxi and Liaoning Provinces in China, recruited via convenience sampling. The Chinese version of the scale was obtained by translating, back-translating, and using the Delphi method on the original scale. The reliability of the scale was tested by internal consistency, split-half reliability, and retest reliability, and the validity of the scale was measured by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).</p> Results <p>The Chinese version of the Patient Participation Scale (PPS) had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.894, a split-half reliability of 0.703, and the retest reliability of 0.746. The content validity index (S-CVI/AVE) was 0.952, and four factors were extracted from the exploratory factor analysis. In confirmatory factor analysis, the fit indices were as follows: χ²/df=1.591, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.050, Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) = 0.902, Incremental Fit Index (IFI) = 0.965, and Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.946. The model fits well.</p> Conclusion <p>The Chinese version of the Patient Participation Scale has ideal reliability and validity. The evaluation results of this scale not only help to improve the quality of medical care but also enhance patients' self-management abilities, promote cooperation and communication between doctors and patients, and provide a solid foundation for future related research and practice.</p>