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Background <p>Vitamin deficiencies significantly impact children’s growth and development, particularly in high-altitude regions. This study investigated the prevalence and patterns of vitamin A and D deficiencies among children in Tibetan versus non-Tibetan regions of Sichuan Province, China, considering the influences of altitude, gender, and seasonal variations.</p> Methods <p>A case-control study was conducted comparing 995 Tibetan children from Garze Prefecture (altitude &gt; 2000&#xa0;m) with 995 age- and sex-matched non-Tibetan children from Luzhou City during 2017–2019. Vitamin A deficiency was defined as serum retinol &lt; 0.70 µmol/L, and vitamin D deficiency as 25-hydroxyvitamin D &lt; 50 nmol/L.</p> Results <p>Tibetan children showed significantly higher rates of vitamin A (47.7% vs. 21.0%) and D (19.8% vs. 10.7%) deficiency compared to non-Tibetan children. Vitamin A and Vitamin D deficiency were more frequent in higher altitudes, with vitamin A (OR 5.2, 95% CI 2.44–11.09) and D deficiency (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.28–4.77). Female Tibetan children demonstrated higher vitamin D deficiency risk, while summer and autumn were associated with lower vitamin D deficiency risk (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.29–0.65).</p> Conclusions <p>This study reveals substantial disparities in vitamin A and D status between Tibetan and non-Tibetan children, with altitude, gender, and seasonal factors playing crucial roles. These findings emphasize the need for targeted nutritional interventions considering multiple environmental and demographic factors in high-altitude regions.</p>

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Vitamin A and D deficiencies in Tibetan vs. non-Tibetan children: roles of altitude, gender, and season in Sichuan Province

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月9日

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  • Ping Huang,
  • Yanan Zhao,
  • Dong Wang,
  • Yanru Huang,
  • Zheng Peng,
  • Huiye Chen,
  • Xiangyu Zeng,
  • Xinmei Lin

摘要

Background

Vitamin deficiencies significantly impact children’s growth and development, particularly in high-altitude regions. This study investigated the prevalence and patterns of vitamin A and D deficiencies among children in Tibetan versus non-Tibetan regions of Sichuan Province, China, considering the influences of altitude, gender, and seasonal variations.

Methods

A case-control study was conducted comparing 995 Tibetan children from Garze Prefecture (altitude > 2000 m) with 995 age- and sex-matched non-Tibetan children from Luzhou City during 2017–2019. Vitamin A deficiency was defined as serum retinol < 0.70 µmol/L, and vitamin D deficiency as 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 50 nmol/L.

Results

Tibetan children showed significantly higher rates of vitamin A (47.7% vs. 21.0%) and D (19.8% vs. 10.7%) deficiency compared to non-Tibetan children. Vitamin A and Vitamin D deficiency were more frequent in higher altitudes, with vitamin A (OR 5.2, 95% CI 2.44–11.09) and D deficiency (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.28–4.77). Female Tibetan children demonstrated higher vitamin D deficiency risk, while summer and autumn were associated with lower vitamin D deficiency risk (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.29–0.65).

Conclusions

This study reveals substantial disparities in vitamin A and D status between Tibetan and non-Tibetan children, with altitude, gender, and seasonal factors playing crucial roles. These findings emphasize the need for targeted nutritional interventions considering multiple environmental and demographic factors in high-altitude regions.