Background <p>Environmental regulations and energy technology innovation play crucial roles in promoting environmental construction, enhancing ecological environment quality, and improving residents’ health and well - being.</p> Method <p>This study integrated the 2017, 2018, and 2021 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) data with urban macro - data. Empirical tests were conducted using the Ologit model, followed by robustness and heterogeneity tests, to explore the impact of environmental regulations and energy technology innovation on residents’ health.</p> Result <p>Empirical research findings indicate that, first, environmental regulations and energy technology innovation contribute to improving residents’ self - rated health and mental health. Second, after introducing the interaction term between environmental regulation and energy technology innovation, it was discovered that energy technology innovation negatively moderates the promoting effect of environmental regulation on residents’ health, suggesting a substitution effect between the two. Finally, heterogeneity analysis reveals that environmental regulations and energy technology innovation exhibit significant age - related, gender - based, and urban - rural heterogeneity in their impacts on residents’ health.</p> Conclusion <p>This study recommends that residents actively engage in environmental supervision, the government further strengthens environmental supervision, and enterprises continue to pursue energy technology innovation to enhance the positive impact of environmental regulation and energy technology innovation on residents’ health.</p>