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Backgroun <p>The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has substantially disrupted the lives of children and adolescents, raising concerns about increased psychiatric morbidity. This study examined post-COVID psychiatric symptoms in a pediatric population and explored associated risk factors.</p> Methods <p> This follow-up study enrolled 107 children and adolescents (6–18 years) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, retrospectively identified from Gülhane Training and Research Hospital records, contacted via telephone, and invited for in-person pediatric examination and Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) screening. Participants with T-scores ≥65 were referred to Gazi University for face-to-face psychiatric evaluation by child psychiatrists using DSM-5 criteria. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were analyzed for associations with elevated RCADS scores. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed using DSM-5–based clinical diagnoses as the reference standard.</p> Results <p>The cohort included 62 females (57.9%) and 45 males (42.1%), with a mean age of 12.3±3.1 years. Most participants were symptomatic during infection (90.7%), and 35.5% developed at least one COVID-related complication, most commonly taste loss (29.0%). Post-COVID psychiatric symptoms were reported in 56.1% of cases, predominantly attention difficulties (28.9%) and irritability (23.3%). Approximately half (52.2%) of children without prior history of psychiatric symptoms developed at least one new symptom. Higher anxiety and depression scores were significantly associated with prematurity, birth complications, and pre-existing psychiatric symptoms. In ROC analyses, the parent-reported total anxiety score showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.92 with an optimal cut-off of 60 (sensitivity 81.5%, specificity 93.8%), while the child-reported score showed an AUC of 0.90 with an optimal cut-off of 65 (sensitivity 70.4%, specificity 93.8%). Children without psychiatric history had significantly lower scores (p &lt; 0.001).</p> Conclusions <p>COVID-19 was linked to increased psychiatric symptoms in children, with prematurity, birth complications, and prior history as key risks. RCADS proved sensitive for screening, emphasizing targeted interventions post-infection.</p> Clinical trial number <p>Not applicable.</p>

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Post-infectious psychiatric symptoms and diagnoses in children and adolescents following COVID-19

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月23日

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  • Mehmet Cengi̇z,
  • Şefika Nurhüda Karaca Cengi̇z,
  • Ayşe Büyükcam,
  • Ahmet Bolat,
  • Bülent Ünay,
  • Yasemin Taş Torun

摘要

Backgroun

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has substantially disrupted the lives of children and adolescents, raising concerns about increased psychiatric morbidity. This study examined post-COVID psychiatric symptoms in a pediatric population and explored associated risk factors.

Methods

This follow-up study enrolled 107 children and adolescents (6–18 years) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, retrospectively identified from Gülhane Training and Research Hospital records, contacted via telephone, and invited for in-person pediatric examination and Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) screening. Participants with T-scores ≥65 were referred to Gazi University for face-to-face psychiatric evaluation by child psychiatrists using DSM-5 criteria. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were analyzed for associations with elevated RCADS scores. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed using DSM-5–based clinical diagnoses as the reference standard.

Results

The cohort included 62 females (57.9%) and 45 males (42.1%), with a mean age of 12.3±3.1 years. Most participants were symptomatic during infection (90.7%), and 35.5% developed at least one COVID-related complication, most commonly taste loss (29.0%). Post-COVID psychiatric symptoms were reported in 56.1% of cases, predominantly attention difficulties (28.9%) and irritability (23.3%). Approximately half (52.2%) of children without prior history of psychiatric symptoms developed at least one new symptom. Higher anxiety and depression scores were significantly associated with prematurity, birth complications, and pre-existing psychiatric symptoms. In ROC analyses, the parent-reported total anxiety score showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.92 with an optimal cut-off of 60 (sensitivity 81.5%, specificity 93.8%), while the child-reported score showed an AUC of 0.90 with an optimal cut-off of 65 (sensitivity 70.4%, specificity 93.8%). Children without psychiatric history had significantly lower scores (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

COVID-19 was linked to increased psychiatric symptoms in children, with prematurity, birth complications, and prior history as key risks. RCADS proved sensitive for screening, emphasizing targeted interventions post-infection.

Clinical trial number

Not applicable.