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Background <p>Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has emerged as a potential biomarker for schizophrenia (SCZ). However, GDNF levels remain unclear in affected individuals compared to healthy controls. Therefore, we aimed to calculate a pooled estimate of GDNF levels in patients with SCZ in comparison with healthy controls.</p> Methods <p>A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct for published studies from the first date available up to 17 June 2024. Twelve studies (<i>n</i> = 817 patients and 691 healthy controls) were included in the meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were performed, addressing heterogeneity and publication bias.</p> Results <p>Random-effects estimates (<i>d</i> = –0.80, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) of the present meta-analysis revealed a significant mean difference in GDNF levels between SCZ patients and healthy controls. Subgroup analyses indicated that the standardized mean difference of GDNF was larger in European samples (<i>d</i> = –1.01, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) than in the&#xa0;Asian population (<i>d</i> = –0.61, <i>p</i> = 0.011).&#xa0;Non-medicated SCZ patients (<i>d</i> = –1.08, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) exhibited lower GDNF levels than those on medication (<i>d</i> = – 0.70, <i>p</i> = 0.004). Additionally, patients with a disease duration of ≥ 10&#xa0;years showed lower levels of GDNF (<i>d</i> = –0.93, <i>p</i> = 0.058 versus<i> d</i> = –0.82, <i>p</i> = 0.002).</p> Conclusions <p>The findings suggested that GDNF may be a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for schizophrenia. Future research should focus on elucidating the mechanisms underlying altered GDNF levels and exploring its implications for treatment strategies.</p>

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Circulating Levels of Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) in Schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月29日

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  • Omran Davarinejad,
  • Saeid Komasi,
  • Mohammad-Taher Moradi,
  • Farzaneh Golmohammadi,
  • Maryam Bahrami,
  • Hamed Esmaeil Lashgarian,
  • Masumeh Jalalvand,
  • Sara Hookari,
  • Fatemeh Kazemisafa

摘要

Background

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has emerged as a potential biomarker for schizophrenia (SCZ). However, GDNF levels remain unclear in affected individuals compared to healthy controls. Therefore, we aimed to calculate a pooled estimate of GDNF levels in patients with SCZ in comparison with healthy controls.

Methods

A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct for published studies from the first date available up to 17 June 2024. Twelve studies (n = 817 patients and 691 healthy controls) were included in the meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were performed, addressing heterogeneity and publication bias.

Results

Random-effects estimates (d = –0.80, p < 0.001) of the present meta-analysis revealed a significant mean difference in GDNF levels between SCZ patients and healthy controls. Subgroup analyses indicated that the standardized mean difference of GDNF was larger in European samples (d = –1.01, p ≤ 0.001) than in the Asian population (d = –0.61, p = 0.011). Non-medicated SCZ patients (d = –1.08, p ≤ 0.001) exhibited lower GDNF levels than those on medication (d = – 0.70, p = 0.004). Additionally, patients with a disease duration of ≥ 10 years showed lower levels of GDNF (d = –0.93, p = 0.058 versus d = –0.82, p = 0.002).

Conclusions

The findings suggested that GDNF may be a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for schizophrenia. Future research should focus on elucidating the mechanisms underlying altered GDNF levels and exploring its implications for treatment strategies.