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Background <p>Globally, jaundice affects about 6 in 10 term babies and 8 in 10 preterm newborns in their first week of life; West Africa, has the highest cases of neonatal jaundice, and it remains the leading cause of severe illnesses such as mental handicap, brain damage, physical disabilities and even early deaths among newborns in the region.</p> Methods <p>A hospital-based retrospective study design was conducted from perinatal data collected over 10 years in tertiary hospitals in Ondo State, Nigeria. A structured data extraction form was used to collect retrospective data from records of neonates and their respective mothers from the selected health facilities from 2015 to 2024. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23. The prevalence of jaundice was presented using a line graph. Participants’ socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics were assessed using frequency and percentage. Chi-square analysis was used to ascertain the relationship between the incidence of jaundice and socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics. P-value was set at 5% for significance.</p> Results <p>Among the 10,182 mother-neonates pairs analyzed, 8% were preterm and 92% were full-term neonates. The prevalence of jaundice among preterm and high-risk full-term between the year 2015–2024 were 37.4% and 5.7% respectively. Among pre-term neonates, jaundice was significantly more prevalent in babies aged 0–4 days, likewise among high-risk full-term neonates with 90.1% of jaundiced cases falling into this group.</p> Conclusion <p>Neonatal jaundice exhibits a pronounced disparity in Ondo State, with preterms dramatically more affected than high-risk full-terms. Low birth weight, prematurity, and structural disadvantages like low maternal education, unemployment, and rural residence were consistent risk amplifiers.</p>

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A 10-year retrospective assessment of prevalence and factors associated with jaundice among neonates in selected facilities in Ondo State

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Abiola Okunade,
  • Gbemisola Bolanle Ogbeye

摘要

Background

Globally, jaundice affects about 6 in 10 term babies and 8 in 10 preterm newborns in their first week of life; West Africa, has the highest cases of neonatal jaundice, and it remains the leading cause of severe illnesses such as mental handicap, brain damage, physical disabilities and even early deaths among newborns in the region.

Methods

A hospital-based retrospective study design was conducted from perinatal data collected over 10 years in tertiary hospitals in Ondo State, Nigeria. A structured data extraction form was used to collect retrospective data from records of neonates and their respective mothers from the selected health facilities from 2015 to 2024. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23. The prevalence of jaundice was presented using a line graph. Participants’ socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics were assessed using frequency and percentage. Chi-square analysis was used to ascertain the relationship between the incidence of jaundice and socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics. P-value was set at 5% for significance.

Results

Among the 10,182 mother-neonates pairs analyzed, 8% were preterm and 92% were full-term neonates. The prevalence of jaundice among preterm and high-risk full-term between the year 2015–2024 were 37.4% and 5.7% respectively. Among pre-term neonates, jaundice was significantly more prevalent in babies aged 0–4 days, likewise among high-risk full-term neonates with 90.1% of jaundiced cases falling into this group.

Conclusion

Neonatal jaundice exhibits a pronounced disparity in Ondo State, with preterms dramatically more affected than high-risk full-terms. Low birth weight, prematurity, and structural disadvantages like low maternal education, unemployment, and rural residence were consistent risk amplifiers.