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Background <p>The foetus depends on maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy, and the strong correlation between maternal and newborn vitamin D status is well established. However, the long-term tracking of vitamin D status and intake from pregnancy and to childhood remains largely unexplored. We aimed to evaluate vitamin D status and its determinants in early school-aged children, and to explore the tracking of vitamin D status and intake from pregnancy to childhood.</p> Methods <p>The Swedish GraviD-Child study includes data of vitamin D status and intake from the mothers first trimester of pregnancy to their children at age 8&#xa0;years. Concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) were analysed in the first and third trimesters and in children at age 8&#xa0;years. Vitamin D intake from vitamin D-rich foods was reported in the third trimester, and in children at the ages 5 and 8&#xa0;years. Candidate determinants of 25OHD concentrations in the children at age 8&#xa0;years were collected through questionnaires and clinical assessments and analysed using multivariable linear regression. Associations between season-corrected 25OHD concentrations and vitamin D intake during pregnancy and childhood were investigated by Spearman correlations.</p> Results <p>Among the 145 children included in the analysis, the mean (SD) 25OHD concentration at age 8 was 67.8 (15.6) nmol/L, with the majority (91.7%) having levels ≥ 50&#xa0;nmol/L. The only statistically significant determinant of 25OHD concentrations at age 8 were season of blood sampling, with sampling during May to October being associated with higher 25OHD concentrations (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Positive correlations were observed between season-corrected 25OHD concentrations in mothers first trimester and in children at age 8 (rho = 0.2, <i>p</i> = 0.022). Reported vitamin D intake in the third trimester was positively correlated with intake in children at ages 5 (rho = 0.21, <i>p</i> = 0.017) and 8&#xa0;years (rho = 0.19, <i>p</i> = 0.04), with intake at age 5 also positively correlated with intake at age 8 (rho = 0.41, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p> Conclusion <p>Among early school-aged children in Sweden with generally adequate vitamin D status, season is an important determinant. In addition, vitamin D status and intake seems to track from pregnancy to childhood.</p> Trial registration <p>(NCT05228925|| <a href="https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/">https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/</a>|| Registration Date 2021–11-18).</p>

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Vitamin D status and intake in early school-aged children is tracking from pregnancy—the Swedish GraviD-Child study

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月27日

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  • Mathilda Forsby,
  • Linnea Bärebring,
  • Anna Amberntsson,
  • Frida Dangardt,
  • Anna Winkvist,
  • Hanna Augustin

摘要

Background

The foetus depends on maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy, and the strong correlation between maternal and newborn vitamin D status is well established. However, the long-term tracking of vitamin D status and intake from pregnancy and to childhood remains largely unexplored. We aimed to evaluate vitamin D status and its determinants in early school-aged children, and to explore the tracking of vitamin D status and intake from pregnancy to childhood.

Methods

The Swedish GraviD-Child study includes data of vitamin D status and intake from the mothers first trimester of pregnancy to their children at age 8 years. Concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) were analysed in the first and third trimesters and in children at age 8 years. Vitamin D intake from vitamin D-rich foods was reported in the third trimester, and in children at the ages 5 and 8 years. Candidate determinants of 25OHD concentrations in the children at age 8 years were collected through questionnaires and clinical assessments and analysed using multivariable linear regression. Associations between season-corrected 25OHD concentrations and vitamin D intake during pregnancy and childhood were investigated by Spearman correlations.

Results

Among the 145 children included in the analysis, the mean (SD) 25OHD concentration at age 8 was 67.8 (15.6) nmol/L, with the majority (91.7%) having levels ≥ 50 nmol/L. The only statistically significant determinant of 25OHD concentrations at age 8 were season of blood sampling, with sampling during May to October being associated with higher 25OHD concentrations (p < 0.001). Positive correlations were observed between season-corrected 25OHD concentrations in mothers first trimester and in children at age 8 (rho = 0.2, p = 0.022). Reported vitamin D intake in the third trimester was positively correlated with intake in children at ages 5 (rho = 0.21, p = 0.017) and 8 years (rho = 0.19, p = 0.04), with intake at age 5 also positively correlated with intake at age 8 (rho = 0.41, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Among early school-aged children in Sweden with generally adequate vitamin D status, season is an important determinant. In addition, vitamin D status and intake seems to track from pregnancy to childhood.

Trial registration

(NCT05228925|| https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/|| Registration Date 2021–11-18).