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Background <p>Neonatal hypoglycemia is a significant metabolic disturbance contributing to neonatal morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, associated factors, management practices, and early outcomes of hypoglycemia among neonates admitted to Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH), Tanzania.</p> Methods <p>A prospective Cohort study was conducted at MNH from November 2024 to April 2025, enrolling 130 neonates aged 0–28 days. Hypoglycemia was defined as a random blood glucose level &lt; 2.6 mmol/L. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and glucometer readings. Statistical analysis included Chi-square tests and Fisher’s exact to identify factors associated with hypoglycemia.</p> Results <p>Of the 130 neonates, 28.5% (<i>n</i> = 37) were hypoglycemic. In the adjusted analysis, prematurity (aOR ~ 3.88, 95% CI:1.39—11.66, <i>p</i> = 0.012), maternal diabetes (aOR ~ 4.97, 95%CI 1.78—15.01, <i>p</i> = 0.003), and absent feeding at presentation (aOR ~ 2.6, 95% CI: 1.05—6.74, <i>p</i> = 0.045) were independently associated with hypoglycemia. Among hypoglycemic neonates, 59.5% (<i>n</i> = 22/37) received oral feeding and 18.9% (<i>n</i> = 7/37) received no active treatment. Hypoglycemic neonates had significantly poorer early outcomes compared to normoglycemic neonates (aOR for adverse outcome (death/continued hypoglycemia) ~ 5.1, 95% CI: 1.9—13.8).</p> Conclusions <p>Neonatal hypoglycemia was highly prevalent, particularly among preterm and those born to diabetic mothers. Standardized protocols that include routine screening, early and frequent feeding, and structured follow up are urgently needed to reduce morbidity and mortality.</p>

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Hypoglycemia on admission, associated factors, and early outcome among neonates admitted to the neonatal unit at Muhimbili National Hospital

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月26日

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  • Zainab Aboubakary Mlawa,
  • Karim P. Manji

摘要

Background

Neonatal hypoglycemia is a significant metabolic disturbance contributing to neonatal morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, associated factors, management practices, and early outcomes of hypoglycemia among neonates admitted to Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH), Tanzania.

Methods

A prospective Cohort study was conducted at MNH from November 2024 to April 2025, enrolling 130 neonates aged 0–28 days. Hypoglycemia was defined as a random blood glucose level < 2.6 mmol/L. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and glucometer readings. Statistical analysis included Chi-square tests and Fisher’s exact to identify factors associated with hypoglycemia.

Results

Of the 130 neonates, 28.5% (n = 37) were hypoglycemic. In the adjusted analysis, prematurity (aOR ~ 3.88, 95% CI:1.39—11.66, p = 0.012), maternal diabetes (aOR ~ 4.97, 95%CI 1.78—15.01, p = 0.003), and absent feeding at presentation (aOR ~ 2.6, 95% CI: 1.05—6.74, p = 0.045) were independently associated with hypoglycemia. Among hypoglycemic neonates, 59.5% (n = 22/37) received oral feeding and 18.9% (n = 7/37) received no active treatment. Hypoglycemic neonates had significantly poorer early outcomes compared to normoglycemic neonates (aOR for adverse outcome (death/continued hypoglycemia) ~ 5.1, 95% CI: 1.9—13.8).

Conclusions

Neonatal hypoglycemia was highly prevalent, particularly among preterm and those born to diabetic mothers. Standardized protocols that include routine screening, early and frequent feeding, and structured follow up are urgently needed to reduce morbidity and mortality.