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Background <p>Adolescent obesity and associated insulin resistance (IR) are major public health issues. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a simple IR surrogate, but exercise’s quantitative effect on it and optimal dose–response remain unclear. This study systematically evaluated exercise’s impact on the TyG index, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and triglycerides (TG) in adolescents with Overweight or Obesity.</p> Methods <p>We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines. We searched five electronic databases up to August 2025 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of exercise interventions (≥ 4&#xa0;weeks) in adolescents with Overweight or Obesity (≤ 18&#xa0;years) with a non-exercise control group that reported FBG and TG data, from which the TyG index was calculated. Independent Bayesian random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regressions were performed for the three outcomes, with the Mean Difference (MD) as the effect measure.</p> Results <p>Twelve RCTs (733 participants) showed exercise significantly improved the TyG index (MD = -0.16, 95% CrI -0.23 to -0.09; moderate certainty) and reduced FBG (MD = -3.50&#xa0;mg/dL, 95% CrI -5.26 to -1.65; low certainty), while a non-significant reduction was observed for TG (MD = -4.08&#xa0;mg/dL, 95% CrI -9.91 to 1.66; very low certainty). A non-linear dose–response was observed, with optimal effects at ~ 50–60&#xa0;min/session and 1000–1500 MET·min/week. Age/sex had no moderating effects.</p> Conclusion <p>Exercise effectively improves the TyG index and insulin sensitivity in adolescents with Overweight or Obesity, with optimal benefits in a specific dose range, highlighting the need for precise, moderate-dose exercise prescriptions. Because the TyG index can be easily calculated from routine fasting TG and glucose measurements, it represents a low-cost, scalable marker of metabolic risk and a particularly useful tool for clinical and public health monitoring in this population.</p>

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The effect of exercise intervention on the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index in adolescents with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and Bayesian dose–response meta-analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月13日

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  • Meichun Yang,
  • Shu Pan,
  • Qiqi Wang,
  • Yidan Jiang,
  • Xi Li,
  • Xi Fan,
  • Dian Zhan,
  • Deping Wang

摘要

Background

Adolescent obesity and associated insulin resistance (IR) are major public health issues. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a simple IR surrogate, but exercise’s quantitative effect on it and optimal dose–response remain unclear. This study systematically evaluated exercise’s impact on the TyG index, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and triglycerides (TG) in adolescents with Overweight or Obesity.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines. We searched five electronic databases up to August 2025 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of exercise interventions (≥ 4 weeks) in adolescents with Overweight or Obesity (≤ 18 years) with a non-exercise control group that reported FBG and TG data, from which the TyG index was calculated. Independent Bayesian random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regressions were performed for the three outcomes, with the Mean Difference (MD) as the effect measure.

Results

Twelve RCTs (733 participants) showed exercise significantly improved the TyG index (MD = -0.16, 95% CrI -0.23 to -0.09; moderate certainty) and reduced FBG (MD = -3.50 mg/dL, 95% CrI -5.26 to -1.65; low certainty), while a non-significant reduction was observed for TG (MD = -4.08 mg/dL, 95% CrI -9.91 to 1.66; very low certainty). A non-linear dose–response was observed, with optimal effects at ~ 50–60 min/session and 1000–1500 MET·min/week. Age/sex had no moderating effects.

Conclusion

Exercise effectively improves the TyG index and insulin sensitivity in adolescents with Overweight or Obesity, with optimal benefits in a specific dose range, highlighting the need for precise, moderate-dose exercise prescriptions. Because the TyG index can be easily calculated from routine fasting TG and glucose measurements, it represents a low-cost, scalable marker of metabolic risk and a particularly useful tool for clinical and public health monitoring in this population.