Background <p>This study utilized a replicated measurement approach to comprehensively explore the connections between various aspects of physical fitness and executive functions in prepubescent children.</p> Methods <p>The sample consisted of 62 students (32 boys, 30 girls, aged 10.44 ± 0.33 years) with assessments of physical fitness and executive functions conducted at two time points 4 months apart. Physical fitness assessment involved evaluating body composition (body-mass index, fat mass, fat-free mass) and measures of motor coordination (Obstacle Course Backward test), strength (Long Standing Jump test), speed of movement (Plate Tapping test), and aerobic fitness (20&#xa0;m Shuttle Run test). Executive functions, specifically inhibition and cognitive flexibility, were evaluated using the Modified Stroop task and Trail Making task, respectively.</p> Results <p>Initial measurements showed only low correlations (<i>r</i> = 0.12–0.20) between the Plate Tapping and Shuttle Run with executive function tasks, which did not reach statistical significance, while other connections were consistently trivial. In the follow-up measurement, the Plate Tapping test showed a moderate correlation (<i>r</i> = 0.39) with the Stroop task, while remaining correlations were either negligible or low and not significant. The findings suggest two important conclusions: (i) body composition shows limited association with executive functions in children; (ii) among motor variables, only the speed of limb movement may have some relevance for inhibition, but this association is relatively modest and inconsistent.</p> Conclusions <p>Overall, the morphological status and motor competence of prepubertal children seem to have minimal effects on cognitive tasks involving inhibition and cognitive flexibility, and vice versa.</p>