Background <p>Predicting fluid responsiveness is challenging in infants. It is however crucial to avoid unnecessary volume expansion, which can lead to fluid overload. We tested the hypothesis that the stroke volume changes induced by a calibrated abdominal compression (ΔSV-AC) could predict fluid responsiveness in infants without cardiac disease.</p> Methods <p>This prospective single center study of diagnostic test accuracy was conducted in a general pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Children under the age of two with acute circulatory failure and requiring a 10&#xa0;mL.kg⁻¹ crystalloid volume expansion over 20&#xa0;min, ventilated or not ventilated, were eligible. Stroke volume was measured by transthoracic echocardiography at baseline, during a gentle calibrated abdominal compression (22&#xa0;mmHg for 30&#xa0;s), and after volume expansion. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of ΔSV-AC was measured to predict fluid responsiveness, defined as a 15% stroke volume increase after volume expansion.</p> Results <p>Twenty-seven cases of volume expansion were analyzed, in 21 patients. Seventeen VE cases were administrated to spontaneously breathing children. Fluid responsiveness was observed in 12 cases. The AUROC of ΔSV-AC was 0.93 (95% confidence interval (95%CI) 0.82–1). The best threshold value for ΔSV-AC was 9.5%. At this threshold value, sensitivity was 92% (95%CI 62–100), specificity was 87% (95%CI 60–98), positive and negative predictive values were 85% (95%CI 60–95) and 93% (95%CI 66–99) respectively.</p> Conclusions <p>Echocardiographic assessment of stroke volume changes induced by a calibrated abdominal compression is a promising method to predict fluid responsiveness in infants without cardiac disease hospitalized in PICU.</p> Trial registration <p>ClinicalTrials.gov registration number NCT05919719, June 22, 2023, retrospectively registered, <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05919719">https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05919719</a>.</p>