Background <p>To investigate the effects of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), a common subtype of metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS), on corneal densitometry (CD) and lens densitometry (LD).</p> Methods <p>This prospective, single-center study included 58 eyes of 58 obese participants. Preoperative and 6-month postoperative CD, LD, and anterior segment parameters were evaluated using Pentacam topography. The primary outcomes were changes in CD and LD six months after surgery.</p> Results <p>A total of 58 eyes from 58 participants, with a mean age of 36.76 ± 10.79 years, were evaluated. Six months following LSG, the average body mass index (BMI) decreased from 43.4 ± 6.6&#xa0;kg/m2 to 31.54 ± 5.13&#xa0;kg/m2 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Central corneal thickness (CCT), intraocular pressure (IOP), CD, and LD decreased significantly six months after LSG (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The anterior chamber depth (ACD) and angle (ACA) significantly increased six months after LSG (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 for all parameters). Correlation analyses showed a moderate positive association between changes in CD and LD, whereas only weak correlations were observed between changes in ocular and metabolic parameters.</p> Conclusions <p>LSG was associated with significant changes in CD, LD, and anterior segment parameters, suggesting a positive effect on ocular tissue transparency.</p> Trial registration <p>Not applicable.</p>