Background <p>To evaluate hemogram-related systemic inflammatory markers and cholesterol levels in patients with primary and recurrent pterygium.</p> Methods <p>The records of patients underwent pterygium surgery were investigated. Patients with primary and recurrent pterygium were enrolled as Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. Age and sex-matched healthy individuals formed Group 3. Hemogram results taken one week before surgery were obtained from the medical files. Neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil, monocyte, platelet, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (ELR), monocyte-to-eosinophil ratio (MER), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), monocyte-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (MHR), and systemic inflammation index (SII) and HDL, LDL, TG, and total cholesterol were calculated and compared between groups.</p> Results <p>There were 54, 30 patients and 34 healthy individuals, in Group 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The mean vertical and horizontal length of pterygium were not statistically different between patient groups. The mean neutrophil, eosinophyl, monocyte, platelet, were not statistically different between groups (p: 0.43, p: 0.79, p: 0.85, p:0.29, respectively). The mean lymphocyte value was statistically different between Group 2 and 3 (p:0,001). The mean HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, TG were not statistically different between groups. Mean NLR, PLR, ELR, MER, MLR, MHR, and SII were not statistically different between groups (p: 0.63, p: 0.17, p:0.13, p:0.46, p: 0.07, p:0.77, p:0.97, respectively).</p> Discussion <p>Hemogram-related inflammatory markers and serum cholesterol levels were not different between patients with primary, recurrent pterygium, and healthy subjects. Only mean lymphocyte was lower in patients with recurrent pterygium compared with control group. The role of systemic inflammation should be investigated in further studies.</p>