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Background <p>To evaluate macular optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters and microvascular alterations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-positive patients, with and without clinically detectable HIV-related non-infectious retinal vasculopathy.</p> Methods <p>This comparative study included HIV-positive patients and age- and sex-matched healthy controls. All participants underwent multimodal retinal imaging, including color fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and macular OCTA. Quantitative OCTA parameters—parafoveal vessel density (VD) of the superficial (SCP-VD) and deep capillary plexuses (DCP-VD), as well as foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, perimeter, and circularity—were analyzed. Qualitative microvascular changes were also assessed.</p> Results <p>A total of 102 HIV-positive patients and 100 healthy controls were included. All six eyes with clinically detectable HIV retinopathy demonstrated perifoveal capillary abnormalities on OCTA. Among HIV-positive eyes without funduscopic or angiographic evidence of retinopathy, 72 eyes (75%) showed microvascular changes on en face OCTA. Mean SCP-VD and DCP-VD were significantly reduced in the HIV group compared to controls (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 and <i>p</i> = 0.004, respectively). FAZ was significantly larger and less circular in HIV-positive eyes (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that longer duration of HIV infection correlated significantly with OCTA vascular changes (<i>p</i> = 0.033).</p> Conclusion <p>OCTA enables early detection of subclinical retinal microvascular alterations in HIV-positive patients, even in the absence of clinically apparent retinopathy.</p>

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Analysis of macular microvasculature changes in human immunodeficiency virus infection using swept-source OCT angiography

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月18日

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  • Meryem Doukh,
  • Mohamed Ghorbel,
  • Maha Abid,
  • Amir Bedhiafi,
  • Amel Omezzine Letaief

摘要

Background

To evaluate macular optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters and microvascular alterations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-positive patients, with and without clinically detectable HIV-related non-infectious retinal vasculopathy.

Methods

This comparative study included HIV-positive patients and age- and sex-matched healthy controls. All participants underwent multimodal retinal imaging, including color fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and macular OCTA. Quantitative OCTA parameters—parafoveal vessel density (VD) of the superficial (SCP-VD) and deep capillary plexuses (DCP-VD), as well as foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, perimeter, and circularity—were analyzed. Qualitative microvascular changes were also assessed.

Results

A total of 102 HIV-positive patients and 100 healthy controls were included. All six eyes with clinically detectable HIV retinopathy demonstrated perifoveal capillary abnormalities on OCTA. Among HIV-positive eyes without funduscopic or angiographic evidence of retinopathy, 72 eyes (75%) showed microvascular changes on en face OCTA. Mean SCP-VD and DCP-VD were significantly reduced in the HIV group compared to controls (p < 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively). FAZ was significantly larger and less circular in HIV-positive eyes (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that longer duration of HIV infection correlated significantly with OCTA vascular changes (p = 0.033).

Conclusion

OCTA enables early detection of subclinical retinal microvascular alterations in HIV-positive patients, even in the absence of clinically apparent retinopathy.