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Background <p>SARS-CoV-2 is associated with systemic inflammation, vascular dysfunction, and potential ocular involvement. While structural retinal changes have been observed in some patients, the long-term impact of COVID-19 on macular architecture remains unclear, §particularly in unvaccinated populations.</p> Objective <p>To evaluate differences in central macular thickness (CMT) between post-COVID-19 patients and healthy individuals using optical coherence tomography (OCT), with age-stratified analysis.</p> Design <p>A prospective case-control study conducted at a specialized ophthalmology center in Brazil during the early vaccination phase. A total of 76 unvaccinated participants were included: 29 patients with prior COVID-19 (58 eyes) and 47 healthy controls (94 eyes). OCT was performed at least 14 days after PCR-confirmed infection.</p> Results <p>The overall mean CMT was 246.93 ± 23.30&#xa0;μm. No significant difference was found between the COVID-19 and control groups (242.54 ± 19.76&#xa0;μm vs. 249.63 ± 25.06&#xa0;μm; <i>p</i> = 0.10). However, among participants aged ≥ 42 years, post-COVID-19 patients had significantly lower CMT compared to age-matched controls (241.00 ± 21.90&#xa0;μm vs. 256.85 ± 28.58&#xa0;μm; <i>p</i> = 0.04). No significant difference was observed in the &lt; 42 years group. OCT angiography revealed no qualitative vascular abnormalities in either group.</p> Conclusion <p>Our findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection may be associated with subtle retinal thinning in older adults, even in the absence of acute symptoms or visual complaints. These results highlight the importance of age-stratified analysis and support further investigation into the long-term ocular effects of COVID-19.</p>

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Quantitative comparison of mean macular thickness in COVID-19 patients versus healthy individuals using optical coherence tomography

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月11日

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  • Nagilton Bou Ghosn,
  • Marcos Balbino,
  • Ana Carolina Pasquini Raiza,
  • Camila Sayuri Vicentini Otani,
  • Victoria Moreira Fernandes,
  • Vitor Kazuo Lotto Takahashi,
  • Beatriz Silveira Seixas,
  • Laura Vanalli Guimarães,
  • Luiz Paulo Dias Mario,
  • Regina Cele Silveira Seixas

摘要

Background

SARS-CoV-2 is associated with systemic inflammation, vascular dysfunction, and potential ocular involvement. While structural retinal changes have been observed in some patients, the long-term impact of COVID-19 on macular architecture remains unclear, §particularly in unvaccinated populations.

Objective

To evaluate differences in central macular thickness (CMT) between post-COVID-19 patients and healthy individuals using optical coherence tomography (OCT), with age-stratified analysis.

Design

A prospective case-control study conducted at a specialized ophthalmology center in Brazil during the early vaccination phase. A total of 76 unvaccinated participants were included: 29 patients with prior COVID-19 (58 eyes) and 47 healthy controls (94 eyes). OCT was performed at least 14 days after PCR-confirmed infection.

Results

The overall mean CMT was 246.93 ± 23.30 μm. No significant difference was found between the COVID-19 and control groups (242.54 ± 19.76 μm vs. 249.63 ± 25.06 μm; p = 0.10). However, among participants aged ≥ 42 years, post-COVID-19 patients had significantly lower CMT compared to age-matched controls (241.00 ± 21.90 μm vs. 256.85 ± 28.58 μm; p = 0.04). No significant difference was observed in the < 42 years group. OCT angiography revealed no qualitative vascular abnormalities in either group.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection may be associated with subtle retinal thinning in older adults, even in the absence of acute symptoms or visual complaints. These results highlight the importance of age-stratified analysis and support further investigation into the long-term ocular effects of COVID-19.