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Background <p>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) comprises most oral malignancies worldwide and is closely associated with modifiable risk factors such as tobacco and alcohol use. Late-stage presentation is common and contributes significantly to poor treatment outcomes. This study aimed to delineate demographic, clinicopathological features, and radiation-induced toxicities among OSCC patients treated at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital (CMJAH) between 2014 and 2019.</p> Methods <p>A retrospective, cross-sectional review of 119 histologically confirmed OSCC cases was conducted. Data included patient demographics, tumour characteristics, alcohol consumption and smoking, treatment modality, and acute radiation-related toxicities. Descriptive statistics and inferential analyses were performed using SPSS version 24.0. Associations between categorical variables were tested using chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests; <i>p</i>-values &lt; 0.05 were considered statistically significant.</p> Results <p>Among 119 patients, 71% were male (<i>n</i> = 84) with a mean age of 59.6 years. Black African patients constituted 67% of the cohort. The tongue (30%) and floor of mouth (25%), others were the most common tumour subsites. Most tumours were moderately differentiated (53%), and over 85% presented with stage III or IV disease. Tobacco use was reported in 94% of males and 66% of females, with alcohol use in 73% and 49%, respectively. A significant association was found between combined substance use and higher-grade tumours (<i>p</i> = 0.04). All patients experienced at least one radiation-induced toxicity, with mucositis (61%) and dermatitis (62%) being most frequent. Toxicities were significantly more prevalent in patients receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01).</p> Conclusion <p>The study highlights the predominance of advanced-stage OSCC in older males with high-risk habits and underscores the urgent need for early detection strategies and public health interventions. High toxicity rates necessitate enhanced patient education and supportive care during treatment.</p>

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Demographic, clinicopathological, and treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients at a Johannesburg Academic Hospital, South Africa: a 5-year retrospective observational study

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月22日

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  • Gal Feller,
  • Daniel Mmereki,
  • Faiza Mahomed,
  • Razia AG Khammissa,
  • Duvern Ramiah

摘要

Background

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) comprises most oral malignancies worldwide and is closely associated with modifiable risk factors such as tobacco and alcohol use. Late-stage presentation is common and contributes significantly to poor treatment outcomes. This study aimed to delineate demographic, clinicopathological features, and radiation-induced toxicities among OSCC patients treated at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital (CMJAH) between 2014 and 2019.

Methods

A retrospective, cross-sectional review of 119 histologically confirmed OSCC cases was conducted. Data included patient demographics, tumour characteristics, alcohol consumption and smoking, treatment modality, and acute radiation-related toxicities. Descriptive statistics and inferential analyses were performed using SPSS version 24.0. Associations between categorical variables were tested using chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests; p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results

Among 119 patients, 71% were male (n = 84) with a mean age of 59.6 years. Black African patients constituted 67% of the cohort. The tongue (30%) and floor of mouth (25%), others were the most common tumour subsites. Most tumours were moderately differentiated (53%), and over 85% presented with stage III or IV disease. Tobacco use was reported in 94% of males and 66% of females, with alcohol use in 73% and 49%, respectively. A significant association was found between combined substance use and higher-grade tumours (p = 0.04). All patients experienced at least one radiation-induced toxicity, with mucositis (61%) and dermatitis (62%) being most frequent. Toxicities were significantly more prevalent in patients receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

The study highlights the predominance of advanced-stage OSCC in older males with high-risk habits and underscores the urgent need for early detection strategies and public health interventions. High toxicity rates necessitate enhanced patient education and supportive care during treatment.