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Background <p>Amniotic fluid is a critical compartment in pregnancy; however, its virome remains poorly characterized, and potential associations with maternal–fetal health are largely unexplored. This study aimed to comprehensively profile the human amniotic fluid virome and explore its association with maternal health status during pregnancy.</p> Methods <p>We performed viral metagenomic sequencing of 515 amniotic fluid samples from 515 pregnant women in Changzhou, China, including healthy pregnancies (<i>n</i> = 275) and pregnancies with complications (<i>n</i> = 240). Viral sequences were identified using a bioinformatics pipeline, and phylogenetic analyses were used to assess genetic relationships.</p> Results <p>We identified diverse viral sequences, including members of viral families such as <i>Anelloviridae</i> and <i>Paramyxoviridae</i>. BLAST-based nucleotide comparisons showed high nucleotide identity to previously reported viruses, indicating that many detected sequences are closely related to known viruses. Phylogenetic analyses further supported their placement within established viral taxa. Community-level analyses indicated differences in virome composition profiles between the healthy control and disease groups.</p> Conclusions <p>Our findings describe a previously undercharacterized virome in human amniotic fluid.&#xa0;This study&#xa0;establishes a basis for future investigations into&#xa0;the origins and&#xa0;potential associations&#xa0;of these viral signatures with pregnancy health,&#xa0;highlighting the importance of assessing their clinical relevance for both maternal and neonatal outcomes. Because metagenomic sequencing detects viral nucleic acids, these findings do not establish viral infectivity or causality.</p>

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Viromic profiling of amniotic fluid reveals distinct viral communities associated with maternal health status

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月13日

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  • Haixuan Wang,
  • Yutong Fu,
  • Hui Xu,
  • Xiaofei Song,
  • Shiyin Huang,
  • Yue Chen,
  • Juan Xu,
  • Wang Li,
  • Ju Zhang,
  • Ping Wu,
  • Quan Shen,
  • Shixing Yang,
  • Xiaochun Wang,
  • Yuwei Liu,
  • Likai Ji,
  • Yuefeng Li,
  • Hongfeng Yang,
  • Jie Tang,
  • Chenglin Zhou,
  • Wen Zhang

摘要

Background

Amniotic fluid is a critical compartment in pregnancy; however, its virome remains poorly characterized, and potential associations with maternal–fetal health are largely unexplored. This study aimed to comprehensively profile the human amniotic fluid virome and explore its association with maternal health status during pregnancy.

Methods

We performed viral metagenomic sequencing of 515 amniotic fluid samples from 515 pregnant women in Changzhou, China, including healthy pregnancies (n = 275) and pregnancies with complications (n = 240). Viral sequences were identified using a bioinformatics pipeline, and phylogenetic analyses were used to assess genetic relationships.

Results

We identified diverse viral sequences, including members of viral families such as Anelloviridae and Paramyxoviridae. BLAST-based nucleotide comparisons showed high nucleotide identity to previously reported viruses, indicating that many detected sequences are closely related to known viruses. Phylogenetic analyses further supported their placement within established viral taxa. Community-level analyses indicated differences in virome composition profiles between the healthy control and disease groups.

Conclusions

Our findings describe a previously undercharacterized virome in human amniotic fluid. This study establishes a basis for future investigations into the origins and potential associations of these viral signatures with pregnancy health, highlighting the importance of assessing their clinical relevance for both maternal and neonatal outcomes. Because metagenomic sequencing detects viral nucleic acids, these findings do not establish viral infectivity or causality.