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Background <p>Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), manifested by heartburn and regurgitation, is a common pregnancy complaint that significantly impairs quality of life. Reported prevalence varies widely, with differences observed across pregnancy trimesters. This first systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizing global data aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence and risk of GERD symptoms during pregnancy, including trimester-specific trends. </p> Methodology <p>Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar from 1 January 1975 to 10 July 2025. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251102794). Eligible studies included observational studies reporting the prevalence of GERD symptoms in pregnant populations. Two independent reviewers screened articles, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A random-effects meta-analysis model was applied.</p> Results <p>A total of 21 studies involving 9497 pregnant participants were included. The pooled prevalence of GERD symptoms during pregnancy was 40.96% (95% CI: 27.63–54.28). Subgroup analysis by trimester revealed a progressive increase in GERD prevalence, from 26.12% in the first trimester to 33.40% in the second, peaking at 55.93% in the third, reflecting the growing physiological burden. In studies that included non-pregnant control groups, pregnant women had a significantly higher risk of experiencing GERD symptoms compared to non-pregnant controls (OR = 8.37; 95% CI: 2.93–23.89). Subgroup analysis showed that the pooled prevalence of heartburn was 43.81% (95% CI: 23.74–63.87), while regurgitation affected 37.94% (95% CI: 26.23–49.65) of pregnant women.</p> Conclusion <p>GERD symptoms are highly prevalent during pregnancy, especially in the third trimester. Early identification and management may improve maternal comfort and quality of life.</p>

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Global prevalence and risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月9日

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  • Alsu R. Khurmatullina,
  • Dmitrii N. Andreev,
  • Igor V. Maev,
  • Svetlana V. Lyamina,
  • Yury A. Kucheryavyy ,
  • Petr A. Beliy,
  • Filipp S. Sokolov

摘要

Background

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), manifested by heartburn and regurgitation, is a common pregnancy complaint that significantly impairs quality of life. Reported prevalence varies widely, with differences observed across pregnancy trimesters. This first systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizing global data aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence and risk of GERD symptoms during pregnancy, including trimester-specific trends.

Methodology

Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar from 1 January 1975 to 10 July 2025. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251102794). Eligible studies included observational studies reporting the prevalence of GERD symptoms in pregnant populations. Two independent reviewers screened articles, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A random-effects meta-analysis model was applied.

Results

A total of 21 studies involving 9497 pregnant participants were included. The pooled prevalence of GERD symptoms during pregnancy was 40.96% (95% CI: 27.63–54.28). Subgroup analysis by trimester revealed a progressive increase in GERD prevalence, from 26.12% in the first trimester to 33.40% in the second, peaking at 55.93% in the third, reflecting the growing physiological burden. In studies that included non-pregnant control groups, pregnant women had a significantly higher risk of experiencing GERD symptoms compared to non-pregnant controls (OR = 8.37; 95% CI: 2.93–23.89). Subgroup analysis showed that the pooled prevalence of heartburn was 43.81% (95% CI: 23.74–63.87), while regurgitation affected 37.94% (95% CI: 26.23–49.65) of pregnant women.

Conclusion

GERD symptoms are highly prevalent during pregnancy, especially in the third trimester. Early identification and management may improve maternal comfort and quality of life.