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Background <p>Preterm birth is a leading cause of health problems and death in infants. This study aims to investigate the association between maternal plasma glucose levels during pregnancy and risk of preterm birth.</p> Methods <p>This population-based retrospective study of 6,842 pregnant women used data from a tertiary hospital in China from January 2016 to December 2022. Plasma glucose levels were measured at fasting, 1&#xa0;h, and 2&#xa0;h after a 75-g OGTT between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation. The primary outcome of interest was preterm birth. Analysis was performed using restricted cubic splines and logistic regression models.</p> Results <p>The proportion of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preterm birth in this study were 7.92% and 5.86%, respectively. The levels of fasting plasma glucose (aOR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.47; <i>P</i> = 0.003; <i>P</i> for nonlinear = 0.264), 1-hour plasma glucose (aOR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.17; <i>P</i> = 0.003; <i>P</i> for nonlinear = 0.535), and 2-hour plasma glucose (aOR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.19; <i>P</i> = 0.012; <i>P</i> for nonlinear = 0.368) showed statistically significant linear associations with an increased risk of preterm birth.</p> Conclusion <p>Elevated plasma glucose levels during pregnancy statistically significantly increase the risk of preterm birth. Given that hyperglycemia during pregnancy can be prevented and managed, it is crucial to enhance health education and glucose monitoring for pregnant women. Timely interventions should be implemented to control plasma glucose levels, thereby reducing the incidence of preterm birth.</p>

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Association between maternal plasma glucose levels during pregnancy and risk of preterm birth: a retrospective study

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月19日

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  • Na Wang,
  • Bingqi Han,
  • Sumiao Hong,
  • Xinrui Shi,
  • Guankai Lin,
  • Xiaoyang Xu,
  • You Zhou,
  • Xiaoting Wen,
  • Baochang Sun,
  • Hexing Wang,
  • Min Huang,
  • Quqing Wang,
  • Jiwei Wang,
  • Yue Chen,
  • Qingwu Jiang

摘要

Background

Preterm birth is a leading cause of health problems and death in infants. This study aims to investigate the association between maternal plasma glucose levels during pregnancy and risk of preterm birth.

Methods

This population-based retrospective study of 6,842 pregnant women used data from a tertiary hospital in China from January 2016 to December 2022. Plasma glucose levels were measured at fasting, 1 h, and 2 h after a 75-g OGTT between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation. The primary outcome of interest was preterm birth. Analysis was performed using restricted cubic splines and logistic regression models.

Results

The proportion of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preterm birth in this study were 7.92% and 5.86%, respectively. The levels of fasting plasma glucose (aOR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.47; P = 0.003; P for nonlinear = 0.264), 1-hour plasma glucose (aOR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.17; P = 0.003; P for nonlinear = 0.535), and 2-hour plasma glucose (aOR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.19; P = 0.012; P for nonlinear = 0.368) showed statistically significant linear associations with an increased risk of preterm birth.

Conclusion

Elevated plasma glucose levels during pregnancy statistically significantly increase the risk of preterm birth. Given that hyperglycemia during pregnancy can be prevented and managed, it is crucial to enhance health education and glucose monitoring for pregnant women. Timely interventions should be implemented to control plasma glucose levels, thereby reducing the incidence of preterm birth.