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Background <p>Telomeres indicate cellular aging. Shortened telomeres are linked to various diseases and mortality, influenced by factors like inflammation, genetics, and environmental exposures, including smoking. Assessing newborn telomere length (TL) and maternal smoking association remains unexplored. A systematic review aims to fill this gap, potentially advancing clinical understanding and guiding future research.</p> Methods <p>This systematic review involved searching six English electronic databases—PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Embase, and CINAHL Complete—for records from their inception until February 2024. The review focused solely on observational studies. Included studies assessed the impact of maternal smoking during pregnancy on the TL of newborns. The quality of these studies was evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa quality assessment scale. A random-effect model was employed, and the statistical analysis was conducted with Stata software version 17.</p> Results <p>Eight of 485 initial studies were included for systematic and five for meta-analysis. Eight studies involving 2,797 participants investigated prenatal smoking’s impact on infant telomere length, predominantly using qPCR and umbilical cord blood cells for measurement of TL. Five studies with 1,822 participants assessed the effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on newborn TL, revealing a significant negative correlation (-0.19 [-0.32, -0.09]). Despite high heterogeneity (I2: 85.57%), no publication bias was found. Sensitivity analysis, excluding one study, showed a stronger correlation (-0.27 [-0.36, -0.17]) and reduced heterogeneity (I2: 53.21%). Subgroup analysis by nationality indicated a slightly stronger correlation in North American studies (-0.21 [-0.30, -0.12]) compared to Asian studies (-0.17 [-0.52, 0.17]). No significant differences were observed (<i>p</i> = 0.85).</p> Conclusion <p>A meta-analysis found maternal smoking in pregnancy correlates negatively with neonatal telomere length, impacting aging. Urgent awareness and further research are needed for preventive measures.</p>

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Maternal smoking during pregnancy and newborn telomere length (TL): a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月16日

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  • Reza Moshfeghinia,
  • Mahla Ghahremani,
  • Amir Reza Ghasemi,
  • Sara Mostafavi,
  • Hoorad Mohagheghzadeh,
  • Najmeh Maharlouei,
  • Jamshid Ahmadi,
  • Hossein Molavi Vardanjani

摘要

Background

Telomeres indicate cellular aging. Shortened telomeres are linked to various diseases and mortality, influenced by factors like inflammation, genetics, and environmental exposures, including smoking. Assessing newborn telomere length (TL) and maternal smoking association remains unexplored. A systematic review aims to fill this gap, potentially advancing clinical understanding and guiding future research.

Methods

This systematic review involved searching six English electronic databases—PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Embase, and CINAHL Complete—for records from their inception until February 2024. The review focused solely on observational studies. Included studies assessed the impact of maternal smoking during pregnancy on the TL of newborns. The quality of these studies was evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa quality assessment scale. A random-effect model was employed, and the statistical analysis was conducted with Stata software version 17.

Results

Eight of 485 initial studies were included for systematic and five for meta-analysis. Eight studies involving 2,797 participants investigated prenatal smoking’s impact on infant telomere length, predominantly using qPCR and umbilical cord blood cells for measurement of TL. Five studies with 1,822 participants assessed the effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on newborn TL, revealing a significant negative correlation (-0.19 [-0.32, -0.09]). Despite high heterogeneity (I2: 85.57%), no publication bias was found. Sensitivity analysis, excluding one study, showed a stronger correlation (-0.27 [-0.36, -0.17]) and reduced heterogeneity (I2: 53.21%). Subgroup analysis by nationality indicated a slightly stronger correlation in North American studies (-0.21 [-0.30, -0.12]) compared to Asian studies (-0.17 [-0.52, 0.17]). No significant differences were observed (p = 0.85).

Conclusion

A meta-analysis found maternal smoking in pregnancy correlates negatively with neonatal telomere length, impacting aging. Urgent awareness and further research are needed for preventive measures.