Objective <p>The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between placental abruption and maternal plasma calprotectin levels.</p> Materials and methods <p>This prospective study included 3865 pregnant women aged 24 weeks’ gestation and older who were admitted to Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Women’s Health Training and Research Hospital between January 2021 and January 2024. Calprotectin levels were prospectively studied in 33 pregnant women with placental abruption and compared with 48 healthy pregnant women matched for age, parity, body mass index (BMI) and week of gestation. Pregnant women with preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, chorioamnionitis, premature rupture of membranes, preterm labor, corticosteroid use within 7 days, cholestasis, fetal growth restriction, fetal anomalies, systemic infections and multiple pregnancies were excluded from the study. The calprotectin concentration in serum was measured with a Rayto Microplate Reader RT 2100&#xa0;C (Rayto) using an immunoassay method at 450 wavelengths.</p> Results <p>There was no difference between the groups regarding maternal age, gravidity, parity and BMI. Calprotectin levels were significantly higher in the placental abruption group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The optimal cutoff value for calprotectin was 91.95 ng/ml (sensitivity 66.67%, specificity 89.58%, the area under the curve (AUC) 0.763, 95% confidence interval 0.649–0.876, and <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p> Conclusion <p>The results obtained in the present study revealed an association between placental abruption and higher maternal serum calprotectin levels.</p>