Background <p>Numerous nursing interventions have the potential to improve clinical outcomes in individuals with kidney failure; however, their effectiveness can vary. Therefore, it is essential to systematically review and synthesize the evidence regarding these interventions. This research sought to evaluate the effectiveness of various nursing interventions in enhancing clinical outcomes in adult patients with kidney failure.</p> Methods <p>An extensive literature review was performed across five databases utilizing two distinct keyword sets up to May 2026. The study design was structured according to the Population, Intervention, Comparator, and Outcome (PICO) framework. Studies that did not meet the established inclusion criteria were excluded from the analysis.</p> Results <p>This review encompassed a total of 142 studies. The findings indicate that a variety of nursing interventions can significantly improve health outcomes for patients with kidney failure. Notably, high-quality nursing care and comprehensive nursing programs demonstrated the greatest efficacy. Additionally, interventions such as shared-care models, educational nursing approaches, music therapy, telephone-based support, and self-care strategies—despite their relatively low cost—also contributed to patient improvement. The meta-analysis revealed that nursing interventions significantly increased patient satisfaction compared to control groups [2.71 (95% Confidence Interval: 1.72–3.70)] and reduced complication rates compared to control groups [-7.39 (95% Confidence Interval: -11.48 to − 3.31)].</p> Conclusion <p>The findings of this review highlight that various nursing interventions can positively influence outcomes in adult patients. Future research should focus on developing a comprehensive model and rigorously evaluating its effectiveness.</p> Clinical trial number <p>Not applicable.</p>