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<p>Cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic (CKM) syndrome is a recently defined multisystem disorder integrating metabolic, renal, and cardiovascular dysfunction. CKM syndrome stage 2 represents an early, potentially reversible phase that offers a critical window for intervention. This meta-analysis evaluated the effects of statin therapy on renal and lipid outcomes in this population. 7 randomized controlled trials involving 490 participants were included. In the primary analysis, statin therapy showed a directionally favorable but non-significant trend toward improved estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and reduced 24-hour urinary total protein excretion (24h UTP), with no significant change in serum creatinine (Scr). Statins significantly reduced LDL-C (MD = − 52.18) and total cholesterol (MD = − 52.70), while changes in HDL-C and triglycerides were not significant. Subgroup analyses indicated numerically greater renal and lipid benefits with high-intensity regimens, longer treatment duration (≥ 26 weeks), and lower baseline eGFR, though no significant subgroup interactions were detected. Sensitivity analysis including a borderline CKM syndrome 2–3 trial characterized by higher renal risk, longer duration, and high-intensity atorvastatin rendered both renal and lipid outcomes statistically significant without altering effect direction. These findings suggest that statin therapy confers robust lipid-lowering efficacy and potential renoprotective effects in early CKM syndrome stages, particularly under conditions of greater baseline metabolic or renal burden. Statins may therefore serve as an early metabolic–renal intervention, warranting further validation in larger, stage-specific clinical trials.</p>

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Effect of statin therapy on renal and lipid outcomes in CKM syndrome stage 2: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月9日

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  • Shuai Lin,
  • Ruxin Liu,
  • Wenrui Huang,
  • Li Liu,
  • Bing Zhang,
  • Juan Xu,
  • Yanlin Li

摘要

Cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic (CKM) syndrome is a recently defined multisystem disorder integrating metabolic, renal, and cardiovascular dysfunction. CKM syndrome stage 2 represents an early, potentially reversible phase that offers a critical window for intervention. This meta-analysis evaluated the effects of statin therapy on renal and lipid outcomes in this population. 7 randomized controlled trials involving 490 participants were included. In the primary analysis, statin therapy showed a directionally favorable but non-significant trend toward improved estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and reduced 24-hour urinary total protein excretion (24h UTP), with no significant change in serum creatinine (Scr). Statins significantly reduced LDL-C (MD = − 52.18) and total cholesterol (MD = − 52.70), while changes in HDL-C and triglycerides were not significant. Subgroup analyses indicated numerically greater renal and lipid benefits with high-intensity regimens, longer treatment duration (≥ 26 weeks), and lower baseline eGFR, though no significant subgroup interactions were detected. Sensitivity analysis including a borderline CKM syndrome 2–3 trial characterized by higher renal risk, longer duration, and high-intensity atorvastatin rendered both renal and lipid outcomes statistically significant without altering effect direction. These findings suggest that statin therapy confers robust lipid-lowering efficacy and potential renoprotective effects in early CKM syndrome stages, particularly under conditions of greater baseline metabolic or renal burden. Statins may therefore serve as an early metabolic–renal intervention, warranting further validation in larger, stage-specific clinical trials.