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Background <p>Phase-resolved functional lung magnetic resonance imaging (PREFUL-MRI) enables simultaneous, free-breathing, radiation-free assessment of regional lung perfusion and ventilation. This study aimed to provide preliminary reference data for lung perfusion and ventilation using PREFUL-MRI in healthy adults, and to characterize the physiological dependencies of these metrics on two breathing patterns, sex, and age.</p> Methods <p>In this prospective observational study, 87 healthy adults underwent PREFUL-MRI at 1.5 T during both normal and deep-slow breathing. Perfusion- and ventilation-related metrics were quantified via an automated pipeline. Paired comparisons between breathing states were performed using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests; unpaired comparisons between sexes and age groups (&lt; 45 vs. ≥45 years) used Mann–Whitney U tests, with Holm–Bonferroni and Benjamini–Hochberg false-discovery-rate corrections applied to control for multiple comparisons.</p> Results <p>Mean perfusion (7.7% vs. 6.0%, Holm-Bonferroni adjusted <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and ventilation defects (8.6% vs. 5.1%, Holm-Bonferroni adjusted <i>p</i> = 0.010) were decreased, and mean ventilation (15.8% vs. 48.3%, Holm-Bonferroni adjusted <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and perfusion defects (1.9% vs. 7.9%, Holm-Bonferroni adjusted <i>p</i> = 0.005) increased during deep breathing compared with normal breathing. Twenty-eight participants had increased lung perfusion while 59 had reduced perfusion during deep breathing relative to normal breathing. During normal breathing, men exhibited higher mean ventilation than women (20.2% vs. 14.2%, Holm-Bonferroni adjusted <i>p</i> = 0.018). During deep breathing, men demonstrated higher total perfusion defect percentage and matched ventilation-perfusion defects than women (FDR adjusted q &lt; 0.05). Total perfusion defect percentage was lower in participants aged ≥ 45 years than in those aged &lt; 45 years (1.8% vs. 2.7%, FDR adjusted q = 0.036). Mean flow-volume loop correlations were similar between breathing patterns, sexes, and age groups after multiple comparison correction (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05).</p> Conclusions <p>PREFUL-MRI can captures physiological variations related to breathing pattern, sex, and age in healthy adults. These findings provide a framework for distinguishing normal physiological heterogeneity from pathological change in clinical PREFUL-MRI interpretation.</p> Clinical trial number <p>Not applicable.</p>

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Characteristics of pulmonary perfusion and ventilation in healthy adults: a prospective observational study with phase-resolved functional lung magnetic resonance imaging

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月22日

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  • Anqi Liu,
  • Yifei Ni,
  • Jianping Wang,
  • Linfeng Xi,
  • Haoyu Yang,
  • Hongyi Wang,
  • Jie Du,
  • Ling Zhang,
  • Jinzhu Dai,
  • Ke Huang,
  • Yanhong Ren,
  • Shiyao Wang,
  • Jingen Xia,
  • Jing An,
  • Robert Grimm,
  • Andreas Voskrebenzev,
  • Jens Vogel-Claussen,
  • Min Liu

摘要

Background

Phase-resolved functional lung magnetic resonance imaging (PREFUL-MRI) enables simultaneous, free-breathing, radiation-free assessment of regional lung perfusion and ventilation. This study aimed to provide preliminary reference data for lung perfusion and ventilation using PREFUL-MRI in healthy adults, and to characterize the physiological dependencies of these metrics on two breathing patterns, sex, and age.

Methods

In this prospective observational study, 87 healthy adults underwent PREFUL-MRI at 1.5 T during both normal and deep-slow breathing. Perfusion- and ventilation-related metrics were quantified via an automated pipeline. Paired comparisons between breathing states were performed using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests; unpaired comparisons between sexes and age groups (< 45 vs. ≥45 years) used Mann–Whitney U tests, with Holm–Bonferroni and Benjamini–Hochberg false-discovery-rate corrections applied to control for multiple comparisons.

Results

Mean perfusion (7.7% vs. 6.0%, Holm-Bonferroni adjusted p < 0.001) and ventilation defects (8.6% vs. 5.1%, Holm-Bonferroni adjusted p = 0.010) were decreased, and mean ventilation (15.8% vs. 48.3%, Holm-Bonferroni adjusted p < 0.001) and perfusion defects (1.9% vs. 7.9%, Holm-Bonferroni adjusted p = 0.005) increased during deep breathing compared with normal breathing. Twenty-eight participants had increased lung perfusion while 59 had reduced perfusion during deep breathing relative to normal breathing. During normal breathing, men exhibited higher mean ventilation than women (20.2% vs. 14.2%, Holm-Bonferroni adjusted p = 0.018). During deep breathing, men demonstrated higher total perfusion defect percentage and matched ventilation-perfusion defects than women (FDR adjusted q < 0.05). Total perfusion defect percentage was lower in participants aged ≥ 45 years than in those aged < 45 years (1.8% vs. 2.7%, FDR adjusted q = 0.036). Mean flow-volume loop correlations were similar between breathing patterns, sexes, and age groups after multiple comparison correction (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

PREFUL-MRI can captures physiological variations related to breathing pattern, sex, and age in healthy adults. These findings provide a framework for distinguishing normal physiological heterogeneity from pathological change in clinical PREFUL-MRI interpretation.

Clinical trial number

Not applicable.