Scholarlink

Background <p>This study aimed to investigate a standardized apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) ratio cut-off for identifying lymph node (LN) metastasis in malignant melanoma (MM), addressing the challenges of current non-invasive LN status diagnostics and dependences of absolute ADC values.</p> Methods <p>This prospective, single-center study evaluated consecutive patients using diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI-MRI). We included 52 patients with early-stage MM who underwent sentinel lymph node (SLN) extraction, and 12 patients with advanced-stage MM and newly confirmed or progressive metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs). ADC values for positive and negative SLNs as well as MLNs were measured. Ratios of the ADC of SLNs or MLNs were calculated relative to benign contralateral LNs (cADC) and adjacent muscle tissue (mADC). ROC analysis identified cut-offs for absolute ADC values and relative ADC ratios. Diagnostic performance gained by regression was validated via machine learning (ML) classifiers, to evaluate robustness.</p> Results <p>A total of 64 patients (median age 68.5; IQR 61–77; 46.9% female) were included. Significant differences were observed in all ADC measurements using single-shot-echo-planar-imaging (EPI): median cADC was 0.76 (IQR 0.69–0.93) for metastatic SLNs versus 1.02 (IQR 0.91–1.08) for benign SLNs (<i>p</i> = 0.03), mADC was 0.48 (IQR 0.45–0.53) versus 0.61 (IQR 0.56–0.71, <i>p</i> = 0.001). Optimal cut-offs for cADC and mADC in the SLN group were 0.81 (AUC 0.75; 95%-CI 0.47-1) and 0.49 (AUC 0.9; 95%-CI 0.78-1). These closely matched the optimal cut-offs found in the MLN set: cADC 0.83 (AUC 0.98; 95%-CI 0.96-1) and mADC 0.49 (AUC 0.99; 95%-CI 0.98-1). In both sets, these ratios outperformed morphological criteria, such as short-axis diameter (AUC 0.61; 0.38–0.84 in SLN- and 0.86; 0.8–0.92 in MLN set) and Node-RADS (AUC 0.5; 0.27–0.72 and 0.89; 0.84–0.94). ML models reproduced the diagnostic patterns observed in logistic regression.</p> Conclusion <p>The introduction of a standardized ADC ratio cut-off in DW-MRI to differentiate benign from metastatic lymph nodes in MM offers a valuable, normalized, non-invasive addition to traditional diagnostics, though the findings require confirmation in larger, multicenter and multi-scanner cohorts.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Differentiating lymph node status in malignant melanoma: the role of apparent diffusion coefficient ratio in diffusion-weighted MRI – a prospective diagnostic study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月4日

查看全文
  • Marc Philip Elias Kohnen,
  • Matthias Mühler,
  • Andreas Arnold,
  • Stine Lutze,
  • Chia-Jung Busch,
  • Silvia Ribback,
  • Kristin Peters,
  • Marie-Luise Kromrey,
  • Michael Kirsch,
  • Julie Gamain,
  • Fiona Mankertz,
  • Carolin Malsch

摘要

Background

This study aimed to investigate a standardized apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) ratio cut-off for identifying lymph node (LN) metastasis in malignant melanoma (MM), addressing the challenges of current non-invasive LN status diagnostics and dependences of absolute ADC values.

Methods

This prospective, single-center study evaluated consecutive patients using diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI-MRI). We included 52 patients with early-stage MM who underwent sentinel lymph node (SLN) extraction, and 12 patients with advanced-stage MM and newly confirmed or progressive metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs). ADC values for positive and negative SLNs as well as MLNs were measured. Ratios of the ADC of SLNs or MLNs were calculated relative to benign contralateral LNs (cADC) and adjacent muscle tissue (mADC). ROC analysis identified cut-offs for absolute ADC values and relative ADC ratios. Diagnostic performance gained by regression was validated via machine learning (ML) classifiers, to evaluate robustness.

Results

A total of 64 patients (median age 68.5; IQR 61–77; 46.9% female) were included. Significant differences were observed in all ADC measurements using single-shot-echo-planar-imaging (EPI): median cADC was 0.76 (IQR 0.69–0.93) for metastatic SLNs versus 1.02 (IQR 0.91–1.08) for benign SLNs (p = 0.03), mADC was 0.48 (IQR 0.45–0.53) versus 0.61 (IQR 0.56–0.71, p = 0.001). Optimal cut-offs for cADC and mADC in the SLN group were 0.81 (AUC 0.75; 95%-CI 0.47-1) and 0.49 (AUC 0.9; 95%-CI 0.78-1). These closely matched the optimal cut-offs found in the MLN set: cADC 0.83 (AUC 0.98; 95%-CI 0.96-1) and mADC 0.49 (AUC 0.99; 95%-CI 0.98-1). In both sets, these ratios outperformed morphological criteria, such as short-axis diameter (AUC 0.61; 0.38–0.84 in SLN- and 0.86; 0.8–0.92 in MLN set) and Node-RADS (AUC 0.5; 0.27–0.72 and 0.89; 0.84–0.94). ML models reproduced the diagnostic patterns observed in logistic regression.

Conclusion

The introduction of a standardized ADC ratio cut-off in DW-MRI to differentiate benign from metastatic lymph nodes in MM offers a valuable, normalized, non-invasive addition to traditional diagnostics, though the findings require confirmation in larger, multicenter and multi-scanner cohorts.