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Background <p>Cervical cancer remains a significant public health burden in Malaysia, with persistent infection by high-risk papillomavirus (hrHPV) as the primary cause. However, community-based data on HPV prevalence and genotype distribution, particularly in East Malaysia, remain limited. This study aimed to determine hrHPV prevalence, genotype distribution, and associated factors in a large community-based screening cohort in Sarawak.</p> Methods <p>A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2025 and February 2026, using data from women who participated in community-based cervical screening programs across Sarawak. Cervicovaginal samples were collected via cervical swab, liquid-based preparation, or conventional pap smear, and analyzed using the Anyplex™ II HPV HR Detection assay. HrHPV prevalence, genotype distribution, and associations with demographic and clinical factors were analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression.</p> Results <p>A total of 7,781 participants were included, with an overall hrHPV prevalence of 9.2%. The most frequently detected genotypes were HPV52, followed by HPV68 and HPV56, while HPV16 and HPV18 were less prevalent. Geographic variation was observed across divisions, with prevalence ranging from 3.6% to 11.7%. Ethnic variation was also noted, although differences among major ethnic groups were modest. Of these 286 participants, 82.2% had negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM), while 17.8% had abnormal Pap smear findings.</p> Conclusion <p>This study provides important community-based evidence on hrHPV epidemiology in Sarawak, highlighting regional and genotype-specific variation. The predominance of non-16/18 genotypes underscores the importance of continued surveillance to inform vaccination and screening strategies in Malaysia.</p>

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Prevalence and genotype distribution of high-risk HPV in Sarawak, East Malaysia

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月17日

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  • Cassandra Sheau Mei Chee,
  • Shirley Siang Ning Tan,
  • Mohamad Adam Bujang,
  • Izzati Binti Wan Maharuddin,
  • Adam Malik Bin Ismail,
  • Rehn Peterson Peter,
  • Rahmah Binti Rashid,
  • Nur Fatihah Oh Abdullah,
  • Mohammad Nazarudin Bin Bahari,
  • Veronica Lugah,
  • Keh Li Yew,
  • Pei Jye Voon,
  • Melissa Siaw Han Lim

摘要

Background

Cervical cancer remains a significant public health burden in Malaysia, with persistent infection by high-risk papillomavirus (hrHPV) as the primary cause. However, community-based data on HPV prevalence and genotype distribution, particularly in East Malaysia, remain limited. This study aimed to determine hrHPV prevalence, genotype distribution, and associated factors in a large community-based screening cohort in Sarawak.

Methods

A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2025 and February 2026, using data from women who participated in community-based cervical screening programs across Sarawak. Cervicovaginal samples were collected via cervical swab, liquid-based preparation, or conventional pap smear, and analyzed using the Anyplex™ II HPV HR Detection assay. HrHPV prevalence, genotype distribution, and associations with demographic and clinical factors were analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression.

Results

A total of 7,781 participants were included, with an overall hrHPV prevalence of 9.2%. The most frequently detected genotypes were HPV52, followed by HPV68 and HPV56, while HPV16 and HPV18 were less prevalent. Geographic variation was observed across divisions, with prevalence ranging from 3.6% to 11.7%. Ethnic variation was also noted, although differences among major ethnic groups were modest. Of these 286 participants, 82.2% had negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM), while 17.8% had abnormal Pap smear findings.

Conclusion

This study provides important community-based evidence on hrHPV epidemiology in Sarawak, highlighting regional and genotype-specific variation. The predominance of non-16/18 genotypes underscores the importance of continued surveillance to inform vaccination and screening strategies in Malaysia.