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Background <p>The effect of different pegylated interferon alpha (Peg-IFNα) treatment strategies on the recurrence after Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance has not yet been adequately elucidated.</p> Aims <p>This real-world study was conducted to compare the risk of HBsAg seroreversion after HBsAg seroclearance in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) receiving Peg-IFNα-2b combination therapy with nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) and Peg-IFNα-2b monotherapy, and further to identify predictors by developing a risk prediction model.</p> Methods <p>Using a retrospective cohort design, 438 enrolled participants were partitioned to training and validation cohorts. The non-zero coefficient variables were identified via least absolute shrinkage and selection operator - Cox proportional hazards regression (Lasso-Cox), with subsequent multivariate Cox analysis establishing the predictive algorithm. Model performance underwent evaluation through calibration curves and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (time-dependent ROC) analysis.</p> Results <p>The cumulative HBsAg seroreversion rates at 48 and 96 weeks were 15.7% and 18.9% in the combination group and 21.2% and 26.4% in the monotherapy group, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between groups.The final model incorporated two predictors: baseline HBsAg level (HR = 1.507, 95%CI: 1.081–2.101, <i>P</i> = 0.016), and end-of-treatment (EOT) hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) level (HR = 0.973, 95%CI: 0.960–0.986, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). The optimal cut-off value of HBsAb titer at EOT calculated by ROC curve was 32.28 IU/L. The calibration curves delineated favorable consistency for the nomogram model. Time-dependent ROC curves presented better discriminatory ability, with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.781, 0.800, 0.820 and 0.827 at 12, 24, 48, and 96 weeks in the training set.</p> Conclusions <p>The observed durability of HBsAg negativity was not significantly improved with Peg-IFNα combination therapy compared with monotherapy. Baseline HBsAg and EOT-HBsAb levels may support individualized recurrence risk stratification.</p> Clinical trial <p>Not applicable.</p>

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HBsAg seroreversion after pegylated interferon alpha induced HBsAg seroclearance in patients with chronic hepatitis B: a real-world cohort study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月10日

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  • Wencong Zhang,
  • Jia Chen,
  • Wenjin Sun,
  • Nana Xie,
  • Fangbing Tian,
  • Wenyuan Zhang,
  • Yan Wang,
  • Qiurong Ruan,
  • Jianxin Song

摘要

Background

The effect of different pegylated interferon alpha (Peg-IFNα) treatment strategies on the recurrence after Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance has not yet been adequately elucidated.

Aims

This real-world study was conducted to compare the risk of HBsAg seroreversion after HBsAg seroclearance in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) receiving Peg-IFNα-2b combination therapy with nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) and Peg-IFNα-2b monotherapy, and further to identify predictors by developing a risk prediction model.

Methods

Using a retrospective cohort design, 438 enrolled participants were partitioned to training and validation cohorts. The non-zero coefficient variables were identified via least absolute shrinkage and selection operator - Cox proportional hazards regression (Lasso-Cox), with subsequent multivariate Cox analysis establishing the predictive algorithm. Model performance underwent evaluation through calibration curves and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (time-dependent ROC) analysis.

Results

The cumulative HBsAg seroreversion rates at 48 and 96 weeks were 15.7% and 18.9% in the combination group and 21.2% and 26.4% in the monotherapy group, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between groups.The final model incorporated two predictors: baseline HBsAg level (HR = 1.507, 95%CI: 1.081–2.101, P = 0.016), and end-of-treatment (EOT) hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) level (HR = 0.973, 95%CI: 0.960–0.986, P < 0.001). The optimal cut-off value of HBsAb titer at EOT calculated by ROC curve was 32.28 IU/L. The calibration curves delineated favorable consistency for the nomogram model. Time-dependent ROC curves presented better discriminatory ability, with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.781, 0.800, 0.820 and 0.827 at 12, 24, 48, and 96 weeks in the training set.

Conclusions

The observed durability of HBsAg negativity was not significantly improved with Peg-IFNα combination therapy compared with monotherapy. Baseline HBsAg and EOT-HBsAb levels may support individualized recurrence risk stratification.

Clinical trial

Not applicable.