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Introduction <p>Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) contributes significantly to the disease burden in Southeast Asia, yet maxillofacial involvement is rare and often misdiagnosed due to nonspecific features such as swelling, ulceration, or trismus. Conventional microbiology shows low sensitivity in these paucibacillary lesions, emphasizing the role of rapid molecular tests such as Cartridge-Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing (CBNAAT). This case series outlines the diagnostic challenges of maxillofacial TB in an endemic region.</p> Case summary <p>Nine patients (aged 9–33 years) presented with chronic lesions in maxillofacial region. Imaging commonly demonstrated osteolysis, cortical breach, periosteal reaction, or soft-tissue abscess. Mantoux testing, cytology, and Ziehl–Neelsen staining were often inconclusive, whereas CBNAAT or culture confirmed Mycobacterium tuberculosis in most cases. All patients received standard anti-tubercular therapy with significant clinical and radiographic improvement.</p> Conclusion <p>Maxillofacial TB should be considered in persistent jaw lesions. Early molecular testing enhances diagnosis and supports timely, effective therapy.</p>

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Maxillofacial tubercular osteomyelitis: diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives from a case series

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月18日

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  • Sunita Gupta,
  • Shikha Gupta,
  • Priyanka Tyagi,
  • Ayman Fatima Syed,
  • Astha Kapoor,
  • Pavithra Ramasamy,
  • Sujoy Ghosh,
  • Zeeshan Sidiq,
  • Jyoti Kumar,
  • Nita Khurana

摘要

Introduction

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) contributes significantly to the disease burden in Southeast Asia, yet maxillofacial involvement is rare and often misdiagnosed due to nonspecific features such as swelling, ulceration, or trismus. Conventional microbiology shows low sensitivity in these paucibacillary lesions, emphasizing the role of rapid molecular tests such as Cartridge-Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing (CBNAAT). This case series outlines the diagnostic challenges of maxillofacial TB in an endemic region.

Case summary

Nine patients (aged 9–33 years) presented with chronic lesions in maxillofacial region. Imaging commonly demonstrated osteolysis, cortical breach, periosteal reaction, or soft-tissue abscess. Mantoux testing, cytology, and Ziehl–Neelsen staining were often inconclusive, whereas CBNAAT or culture confirmed Mycobacterium tuberculosis in most cases. All patients received standard anti-tubercular therapy with significant clinical and radiographic improvement.

Conclusion

Maxillofacial TB should be considered in persistent jaw lesions. Early molecular testing enhances diagnosis and supports timely, effective therapy.