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Background <p><i>Chlamydia abortus p</i>rimarily causes abortion and stillbirth in animals and is associated with pregnancy-related complications in humans. However, it is an extremely rare cause of pneumonia in humans. While <i>Chlamydia psittaci</i> is a well-established respiratory pathogen, pneumonia resulting from a co-infection with both species has not been previously reported.</p> Case presentation <p>A 57-year-old male presented with fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Imaging revealed extensive pulmonary inflammation and consolidation, which rapidly progressed to respiratory failure. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) confirmed a mixed infection with <i>Chlamydia abortus</i> and <i>Chlamydia psittaci</i>. Following the early initiation of targeted doxycycline therapy, the patient’s clinical symptoms and pulmonary imaging showed significant improvement, leading to a full recovery and hospital discharge.</p> Conclusions <p>To our knowledge, this study reports the first case of atypical pneumonia caused by a mixed <i>Chlamydia abortus</i> and <i>Chlamydia psittaci</i> infection in a male patient, thereby expanding the clinical spectrum of these zoonotic pathogens. The case exhibited a “clinical-imaging dissociation,” characterized by severe radiographic changes alongside relatively mild clinical symptoms. When conventional diagnostic methods failed to identify the pathogens, mNGS provided a rapid and precise diagnosis. Guided by this result, early targeted therapy with doxycycline achieved a marked therapeutic effect, preventing progression to severe disease and an adverse outcome.</p> Trial registration <p>Not applicable.</p>

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Diagnosis and management of mixed Chlamydia abortus and psittaci pneumonia guided by metagenomic next-generation sequencing: a case report

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月26日

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  • Lin Liu,
  • Pan Su,
  • Fan Gong,
  • Aimin Wang,
  • Xiaobin Wang,
  • Lin Yang,
  • Weisong Mo,
  • Tao Jiang

摘要

Background

Chlamydia abortus primarily causes abortion and stillbirth in animals and is associated with pregnancy-related complications in humans. However, it is an extremely rare cause of pneumonia in humans. While Chlamydia psittaci is a well-established respiratory pathogen, pneumonia resulting from a co-infection with both species has not been previously reported.

Case presentation

A 57-year-old male presented with fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Imaging revealed extensive pulmonary inflammation and consolidation, which rapidly progressed to respiratory failure. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) confirmed a mixed infection with Chlamydia abortus and Chlamydia psittaci. Following the early initiation of targeted doxycycline therapy, the patient’s clinical symptoms and pulmonary imaging showed significant improvement, leading to a full recovery and hospital discharge.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this study reports the first case of atypical pneumonia caused by a mixed Chlamydia abortus and Chlamydia psittaci infection in a male patient, thereby expanding the clinical spectrum of these zoonotic pathogens. The case exhibited a “clinical-imaging dissociation,” characterized by severe radiographic changes alongside relatively mild clinical symptoms. When conventional diagnostic methods failed to identify the pathogens, mNGS provided a rapid and precise diagnosis. Guided by this result, early targeted therapy with doxycycline achieved a marked therapeutic effect, preventing progression to severe disease and an adverse outcome.

Trial registration

Not applicable.