Background <p>This study systematically analyzes the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne botulism in Xinjiang from 2016 to 2024.</p> Methods <p>Data were collected from reports across Xinjiang, with all events confirmed through epidemiological investigation, laboratory testing, and food hygiene surveys. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed using R Studio (version 4.3.1).</p> Results <p>A total of 79 foodborne botulism events (including outbreaks and sporadic cases) were reported, including 52 laboratory-confirmed and 27 clinically diagnosed events, involving 103 confirmed cases and 228 exposed individuals. The attack rate was 45.2%, with a case-fatality rate of 1.94%. Homemade foods were the primary risk factor, particularly among middle-aged and elderly populations. Type A botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) was dominant. Most events occurred in January and May, with the highest number of cases in Urumqi City and Ili Prefecture.</p> Conclusion <p>The study reveals a unique etiological pattern in Xinjiang, characterized by the absolute dominance of a specific toxin serotype. While traditional homemade foods remain the major risk, emerging threats from commercially distributed foods are becoming significant, underscoring the need for continuously strengthened risk response capabilities.</p>